c̰ģƪ
һo(w)o(w)˽I(xin)ĽߣҪ(zhn)̰̰ǽ̲ļVcný̌W(xu)ļ~͘ô̰(yng)ԓô(xi)źmСġc̰7ƪHgӭx
c̰ ƪ1
ct ̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1иxnct֮gĸ顣
2ڸc(dng)֮g擴ͬr(sh)W(xu)(x)ΰ@N挍(sh)wر_(d)(li)M(jn)Z(y)Էe
̌W(xu)c(din)
(x)^ٶxnץס茑(xi)B(ti)(dng)Z(y)Լ茑(xi)t(dng)c(din)Z(y)w(hu)N(yn)еĦΰct֮gĸ錑(xi)w
nǰ(zhn)䣺
1ռP(gun)ڡtˡǑcY
̌W(xu)^(gu)̣
һW(xu)(x)߆Ԫ(do)x_W(xu)(x)Ҫ
(do)n
Ƭ(do)룺 nʾǑc˵Ƭ
ͬW(xu)ώo?gu)?li)һƬՈ(qng)ĻƬϵ˽oµijӡʲô
@λ˾һλͨͨݹЅǑc㡣Ǒc˱HеطQ(chng)֮顰tˡͺt֮gĹڸýw(bo)Є(dng)ǧǧf(wn)f(wn)죬҂߽Ǒcȥͺt֮g
w֪
1ָxģ߳~ϵK
2xn˼nĵҪ(ni)
3شnҪ(ni)
4СM(ni)A(y)(x)rQЩ(wn)}߀Щ(wn)}](mi)нQ
ġƷx
1톖(wn)}
Щطw(hu)ct֮g(hu)P(gun)Z(y)f(shu)f(shu)IJ
2W(xu)Ȧc(din)(hu)СM
3R(bo)
١ÿ첽жʮijǽsֻ˽otͲt
ʲôo@ôĄ(dng)ˌ(du)to(w)˽Đ(i)
ڡ˰ɶСĵطں߅ć_(ki)һtȺwһƪɫĘ(l)V
c(din)ץסСġ_(ki)һߡ@ׂ(g)~@ιtһ(g)(x)(ji)茑(xi)@οԿιtĄ(dng)ôͺt֮gôĬôC
ۡںtĽ֓P(yng)Dسʲô(c)A (tng)ԭ(li)Hǵ׃{(dio)ĵطԒ(hu)(d)_^t족ɳ
ôڿwôຣtһһ@҂ܵһλ˺tHǣ(du)teĐ(i)
_(ki)ţct֮gӵ`(du)Ԓ(hu)
ץסò茑(xi)ѽ(jng)һɫ^(gu)r(sh)¡w(hu)ڃso(w)˽،(du)tĸ@Դˌ(du)tĐ(i)
^(gu)Z(y)@һ(g)ͨһ(g)ˣ(i)tѽ(jng)˰VԵij̶еĸ鶼ںtϣ҂?c)ٿһҸôõĮ?hu)gõᅡô̕@õĮ(hu)Ҳˣȥ@µһƬ(dng)@ƬF(xin)ں߅r(sh)벻°l(f)ˣw(hu)t(du)˵У
ݺtȄ(dng)݆wzǰĿǰ(li)հzݵH١
հ(xi)˺t(du)˵ľ
ġ١һ~Ҹܵ˺tǷN]е顣
^(gu)һ(hu)tzǰվ˃СC(dng)Ǟ`İʹ
ġһ~w(hu)@ôຣtЄ(dng)һƺl(shu)ڟo(w)ָ]վ˃СC(dng)ʹ(xi)˺t(du)˵(i)(du)˵һƬָ(do)W(xu)xx@Ԓ(hu)
벻l(f)ˡһȺtͻȻw(li)˵zwP(pn)B?sh)QУˑB(ti)cƽr(sh)һǰl(f)ʲô
tըˠI(yng)Ƶijz^(gu)(li)?sh)Qǘӽ҂òײŏ@Ƭw(dng)İɫuÓ(li)Ƿáw(li)Q
?yn)麣tR(sh)Ҫeϣֹ҂zϣٶһۣϣ˵zͣһ(hu)á䡱^wF(xin)tǷNʹǷNo(w)ǷNС]ָ(do)x
c̰ ƪ2
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
֪R(sh)˽⺣ƷL(fng)
^(gu)̺ͷͨ^(gu)cĶ(zhng)(li)Ը
БB(ti)cr(ji)ֵ^B(yng)\(yn){ǻD^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>
yc(din)
c(din)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)м(x)xĦСf(shu)Z(y)Ժc(din)
yc(din)Y(ji)Ľ(jng)vZ(y)ԷʹĦĵζ
̌W(xu)ӴO(sh)Ӌ(j)
һnr(sh)
̌W(xu)^(gu)̡
һnr(sh)45犣
һ(do)루2犣
һ(g)(li)ҪMɾǴ@Ԓ(hu)҂ҪW(xu)(x)nġc҂(li)ʲôӵܱ
֪Փ 8犣PPT
1ߺ(jin)
1899-1961һĉӲhQ(chng)l(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~(y)C(l)L(hu)18qM(jn)(bo)^(gu)ɴ(zhn)۱w1954꣬s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)1961꣬겡ʹĥ_(ki)Ԛx͵һ(du)u(png)r(ji)sϿy(tng)f(shu)](mi)Ă(g)(gu)˱ȚW(ni)˹غ(du)(gu)ĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa(chn)^(gu)Ӱ푡Q(chng)顰o(j)20o(j)֮һ
(jin)ľSҪ˽(gu)߽ߵ(gu)(jin)(qing)(l)^ľL(fng)ČW(xu)L(zhng)Ё(li)ij1926l(f)ġ̫(yng)@F(xin)(zhn)˻ÜеƷɞ顰㯵һĴСR_ѩ犞l(shu)Qһg(zhn)ԡͨF(xin)ˇg(sh)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)ġc
L(fng)һԺ(jin)Q(chng)Q(chng)늈(bo)ʽL(zhng)ØOZ(y)(chung)L(fng)Ҳܪ(d)ā(li)վ(xi)ĹоpP(gun)Z(y)ˡҲվ(li)PµҲǰ۲Ӳhԡcɣ၆͡úһԿԸ@(li)Ӳh䱾ɺw(jin)Ըһ(g)˲(li)ҪoģMɾǴ
2P(gun)ڡc
20o(j)ϰ(gu)ҺӛҲǮ(dng)r(sh)㯵һĴһ^RصĬF(xin)(sh)xy(tng)һڄ(chung)˼̈́(chung)M(jn)˸γ˪(d)صL(fng)1952l(f)ƪСf(shu)cڵĴwF(xin)Ą(chung)ɫ(dng)@ߪ(jing)s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)
c鹝(ji)(f)sһ(g)ɣϝOBm(x)84](mi)һl~(y)(li)(d)һ˳T(mn)h(yun)ںϽ(jng)^(gu)ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~(y)Ȼښw;һll~(y)m(x)ρ(li)Mˊ^ƴ߀Ǜ](mi)ܵ֓ס~(y)M(jn)صr(sh)R~(y)ֻʣһĹǼ
Y(ji)(gu)Ԣ⣨30犣
1Сf(shu)(ji)xֹc~(y)Ďׂ(g)غϵ^(du)ʲô _傀(g)غքec~(y)c~(y)c^~(y)c~(y)cȺ~(y)
2c~(y)傀(g)غУõЩY(ji)ӣ˵wrR~(y) СMʽҳ𰸣 һ(g)غϣ~(y)棨GKӣࣩ ܂ R~(y)Ե40 ڶ(g)غϣӣg ւ(yn)أѪ ~(y)Եķ֮һ (g)غϣӣ۔ࣩ Ă(g)غϣ̹ ʹÅ 낀(g)ӱҧ 傀(g)غϣ̹Gѣۣ Oƣ(jin)ֱ^(gu)⣩ Hʣ
3Ķ(zhng)пԿӵƷ|(zh)˞ʲôf(shu)һ(g)˲(li)ҪoġMɰɾǴ
_@Ԓ(hu)ɣă(ni)Ī(d)ҲСf(shu)ĺľ(dng)ؽʾɣă(ni)Ҳߺ˼^cr(ji)ֵ^ķӳ@Ԓ(hu)ζʹNJ^c\(yn)иĿ?fn)?li)mȻRNNȻc(hu)(zhn)ҲS@Щ(zhn)(qing)˵wһ(g)ֻҪʢĶ־κDyU(xin)ǰľ˾h(yun)DŽСf(shu)еϝOɣmȻK](mi)ܱסR~(y)c~(y)^(gu)F(xin)o(w)cȵ⣬ʧ˵(yn)ǾϵĄߡ
4(zhng)^(gu)гF(xin)˺ܶચ(d)еĪ(d)ʲôc(din)?ʲôã
_ijP(gun)ϝOɣc~(y)(chng)茑(xi)߀дă(ni)Ī(d)Ҍ(sh)ӛɣă(ni)Ļ(dng)(xi)ںƯ@đB(ti)ͨ^(gu)(lin)ķʽ挍(sh)٬F(xin)˵˼c@Щ(ni)Ī(d)ײH̽ʾ˹ǃ(ni)ĵԺ(jin)ԼԮĹª(d)WqSSСf(shu)˼룬(gu)Сf(shu)ҪɫСf(shu)е'ӲhӶǡţZ(y)࣬ȱ˼ϝOɣsSă(ni)Ј(jin)(qing)ԣ˼֧Є(dng)˳ɞ麣Сf(shu)п̮(hu)ɹ֮һ
5п֪ˌ(sh)F(xin)Ը~(y)MM(fi)M¸ҲKĽY(ji)õąsһJ(rn)dzɹ߀ʧ
_@һ(chng)cȻ@Ą(dng)ǵıÿȡһc(din)ˑKصĴr(ji)o(w)ȵʧǣһNxρ(li)f(shu)һ(g)ߡ?yn)\(yn)o(w)ՓôD^ĭh(hun){Լ⡢ǻM(jn)ˊ^µĿ?fn)R~(y)mȻ](mi)бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`(yn)@ʾˡһ(g)˵ͿԵ_(d)ʲô̶ȡһ(g)ʧһ(g)ʧӢ@һ(g)ӲhӡСf(shu)еĴ~(y)c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еУF(xin)˟o(w)cȵʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ](mi)бf(shu)@һ(g)wF(xin)f(shu)ġMɰɾǴ˼
6 @(chng)(zhng)HHc~(y)Ķ(zhng)Сf(shu)ʲôζ _}ĿǡcСf(shu)nj(xi)һλ˼ںϵĽ(jng)v(sh)H˵O߸ԣѽ(jng)Խһ(g)˵ĴɞһNɣǡӲhĴt_(ti)~(y)t҂?ni)еĴ\(yn)˵һһL(fng)(jng)vL(fng)Ҋ(jin)ʺ磬·;ɱ҂Ҫ\(yn)ֻн(jng)vc~(y)^ܳɞ鏊(qing)ĸ@һ(chng)cȻ@Ą(dng)ǵıÿȡһc(din)ˑKصĴr(ji)o(w)ȵʧǣһNxρ(li)f(shu)һ(g)?yn)\(yn)o(w)ՓôD^ĭh(hun){ԼǻM(jn)ˊ^µĿ?fn)R~(y)mȻ](mi)бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`(yn)@ʾˡһ(g)˵ͿԵ_(d)ʲô̶ȡһ(g)ʧһ(g)ʧӢۡ@һ(g)Ӳhӡǵ͵ĺʽСf(shu)20o(j)30Ժl(f)һЩƪСf(shu)茑(xi)һЩȭţʿC˵@ЩһN۲ϡ(jin)(qing)挦(du)ġӲhӡԸcɣ@NԸİl(f)չcAСf(shu)еĴ~(y)c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еF(xin)˟o(w)cȵʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ](mi)бf(shu)@һ(g)wF(xin)f(shu)ġMɰɾǴ˼
7˂Q(chng)ƷС늈(bo)ʽL(fng)ڱУ@Nc(din)ЩwF(xin)
_
1Y(ji)(gu)ϵĆμٵ鹝(ji)֦˹Ըһrֱӳ(chng)ֻϝOɣһ(g)鹝(ji)ҲҪLJ@R~(y)IJ@Լ˶(li)c~(y)֮gIJ^μ(jng)(du)cԭM(jn)˃ɰٶεУ醣Լf(shu)c(li)Ԍ(xi)һǧ(y)ôL(zhng)Сf(shu)дfеÿ(g)Լ?c)ô\ӳܽӵһ^(gu)̡Ȼе٘Z(y)hȥЄeˌ(xi)^(gu)Ė|hȥ˽ӑՓhՓIJȥһлGGı˺o(w)ʹСf(shu)μ
2ʹ^(gu)茑(xi)ַ^(gu)ʹ~eAoMֱˮ(dng)?sh)Ĕ?dng)rČ(du)Ԓ(hu)Ӻ(jin)Z(y)R(zhn)_(dng)ɣ@һr(sh)ĹPҪ挍(sh)(dng)٬F(xin)c~(y)Ĉ(chng)~(y)ā(li)(sh)˵ijӭ(zhn)C(j)C(xi)(dng)猑(xi)~(y)F(xin)(dng)һɰɫѪһӢĺȻɢ_(ki)ĕr(sh)͏ˮĵطZρ(li)εô죬ʲôҲһ_{(ln)ɫˮӿF(xin)̫(yng)@茑(xi)](mi)һ(g)~~(y)ă΄(sh)ľoȅsչʾxǰϴĔֺͷ(f)NճZ(y)ʹx(li)R侳֮Ќ(du)茑(xi)֫E(jin)qһˮīɽˮ(hu)x(li)ĕա
3r(dng)Ą(dng)茑(xi)ͺ(jin)Č(du)Ԓ(hu)ڏĸX(ju)ҕX(ju)|X(ju)ȥ̮(hu)cxߵľxs̵ȣҺֱӱ¶ǰY(ji)ں(jin)ѸٵĄ(dng)N(yn)ȻĻߺ(jin)Č(du)Ԓ(hu)xԼȥw(hu)猑(xi)c~(y)Ĉ(chng)棺^~(y)߭~(y)^ϵĕr(sh) (tng)óǗl~(y)Ƥ_(ki)`@N茑(xi)(li)˵Ҋ(jin)xx(li)(hu)^(gu)һȻͬӵĸX(ju)ͬ@֣ͬoͬϲxȥ猍(sh)ȡӡD(du)cx֮gȥK¡Ҫ(du)cxֱӜͨ@Ҳ@ƪСf(shu)Ĉ(chng)茑(xi)ĵһ(g)Ҫԭ
4һN⾳(jng)Աɽ(li)(chung)f(shu)(chung)Ҫϵıɽ˷֮һ¶˷֮ߑ(yng)ԓ[ˮ¡¶ˮ[ˮµ˼ԽrԽʹˮ¡IJ韴߀ַʹƷN(yn)
I(y)á2犣
nxġc(xi)300ҵĸ
(sh)O(sh)Ӌ(j)3犣
Ӳh _(ti) ~(y) ۶\(yn)
c̰ ƪ3
ښw;У挦(du)~(y)һһεM(jn)˹ɣһֱ(zhn)֟o(w)FֿȭֹMʧǗlM(fi)Mǧf(wn)ŲĴ~(y)ǣsһλӢۺ̈́䌍(sh)(dng)~(y)۔ĕr(sh)҂l(shu)ףҲo(w)~(y)uo(w)ՓӵŬKwʧ֪ôҪһep~(y)Ͷǣǂ(g)(qing)^](mi)ׅf(xi)^ܲAQ^ՓǶô~(y)ֻҪҧҵ~(y)ҾҪeľֻҪЖ|eҾҪeȻص(li)(sh)ڟo(w)er(sh)߀(hu)eյȭ^M@o(w)a(b)ôʲô֧@λʿIJ``ǾǾ
@Сf(shu)F(xin)һN^^ʹ挦(du)DzĴȻȻԵõϵĄҲSY(ji)ʧڊ^^(gu)҂Կһ(g)γɞһ(g)صĴɷ@λϝOһmȻùʧf(jin)ŬʧL(fng)AÄ
µĔǶǶȵġֱв唢ڲ唢нˌ(du)µĻؑ͌(du)ǰĸп˳ñ(mng)Ҋ(jin)r(sh)Ҋ(jin)^(gu)ķ{ʹɽڶcһ(g)a^ϴքŵĄ龰(li)ͬ~(y)r(sh)ӛϵRW(zhn)(du)ֵһĻ@Щٵ(mng)Ҋ(jin){˼RZ֣ããZ(y)@Ҳo(li)Еr(sh)ҲhՓ~(y)Dz^(gu)(du)܂ָпһ@Щ̮(hu)ͼ(x)(ji)茑(xi)o(w)pؽY(ji)һߵ˷Q(chng)׃˷Q(chng)͵һ˷Q(chng)ʹʹ{(dio)IJ~(y)^(gu)@ö˶
c̰ ƪ4
֪R(sh)cܣ
1˽ҺƽcČW(xu)(j)
2Ճ(ni)Ī(d)(du)
^(gu)c
ڷ鹝(ji)^(gu)Ё(li)ɣ၆@λӲhҳă(ni)Ī(d)ףM(jn)һ_ľSă(ni)
БB(ti)cr(ji)ֵ^
W(xu)(x)ݔ?sh)B(qing)
̌W(xu)
龳l(f)(wn)}̽
̌W(xu)(zhn)䣺
ýwn
nr(sh)1nr(sh)
̌W(xu)E^(gu)̣
һ(do)
Ҷ֪~(y)һN͵Ą(dng)ѪԵġˮħ@һ(g)龳һ㪚(d)һ{ںһl~(y)ʮl~(y)(hu)ô[W(xu)ش](gu)Һġcһ(g)cʮl~(y)(zhn)ʲôʹc֮(zhn)?҂́(li)W(xu)(x)@ƪСf(shu)҂ի@S
ߺ(jin)顾nչʾ
18991961һĉӲhQ(chng)l(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~(y)C(l)L(hu)18qM(jn)(bo)磬^(gu)ɴ(zhn)۱w1954s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)1961꣬겡ʹĥ_(ki)Ԛx͵һ(du)u(png)r(ji)Ͽy(tng)ԣ](mi)ǂ(g)(gu)˱Ⱥ(du)(gu)ĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa(chn)^(gu)ӰQ(chng)顰o(j)20֮һ
¹šnչʾ
Сf(shu)ǹŰһλ(jng)ɣϝOɣ၆ѽ(jng)ʮδ~(y)ڵڰʮ죬һ(g)˳h(yun)ںϽ(jng)^(gu)ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~(y)Ȼښw;R~(y)s~(y)ԵĹ(ji)xҪc~(y)龰Сf(shu)RY(ji)βIJ֣ҲСf(shu)鹝(ji)l(f)չĸ߳
ģСf(shu)鹝(ji)
ȽoһЩʾҿԸ(j)ĻغĽY(ji)(li)W(xu)ֽMӑՓ_nչʾ
βY(ji)
~(y)暢һlLʧ~(y)~(y)Եʮ
õӚɗl~(y)Եķ֮һ
õӚһ^۔
ö̹˃ɗl낀(g)~(y)ҧ
ö̹Ⱥ~(y)R~(y)ֻʣ
СY(ji)c~(y)ÿȡһc(din)ˑKصĴr(ji)һo(w)o(w)ȵʧ
壩(ni)Ī(d)
ͨ^(gu)ҵķֹ҂Сf(shu)鹝(ji)֮ǰ҂?c)چԪxf(shu)^(gu)
Ŀ̮(hu)cСf(shu)鹝(ji)İl(f)չ(lin)ϵ҂Ҳv^(gu)߀ԏZ(y)ò顢(ni)Ī(d)ȷ@ƪСf(shu)е˹ɣ၆磬ҪĂ(g)(li)̮(hu)(ni)Ī(d)סnչʾ(wn)}
1βǰc˵ă(ni)Ī(d)
2ͨ^(gu)@Щ茑(xi)҂Կ˹ôӵԸc(din)
W(xu)ֽMӑՓnչʾ
1܉ֹ(li)ҲSҿסM(mn)ţ
2F(xin)ڵùĕr(sh)̾Ҫ(li)B~(y)ҲoGDentuso@(g)|Oܸɣȏ(qing)ұ߶Ŷ־ʢ
3ǰһ(g)B(yng)һ(g)~(y)eǘɡЪһЪŪסʣ(li)~(y)ܬF(xin)(sh)_(ki)(chung)δ(li)
(4)@һ(hu)ɰҴˡѽ(jng)o(j)ùӰ~(y)oֻҪН{ж̹жѣһ뷨ȥ(jin)go(w)η(jng)(yn)S
(5)F(xin)һж^(gu)ȥ^(gu)ҲS߀Ҫғ(li)һ(g)ںҹ](mi)һôȥ(du)̎y@˼(du)ߣ
(6)߀Ǻúõģ](mi)аc(din)pֻǂ(g)ϵġHM(mn)ϣ
W(xu)Y(ji)Ϲ鹝(ji)(ni)Ī(d)˹W(xu)ӑՓ_nչʾ
(jin)ªo(w)Ԯ~(y)݆(li)ur£ˑ{ԼǻM(jn)ˊ^µĶ(zhng)҂ԿһN۲ϡ(jin)(qing)挦(du)ġӲhӡ
Сf(shu)еĴ~(y)c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еF(xin)˟o(w)cȵ'ʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ](mi)бf(shu)@һ(g)wF(xin)f(shu)ġMɰɾǴ˼
ߣӑՓ
cl(f)ããϵĿƽֲƽĹ˂J(rn)_(sh)һÕ(sh)һ˽KĺÕ(sh)?yn)o˂̫̫ʾô@ӵʾW(xu)ɰl(f)ԣՄʾ
ˣI(y)
xcI(lng)(hu)S˵ĵǶ挦(du)yď(qing)Ո(qng)(xi)һƪxУ800ңӛԼx(sh)ի@
ţ(sh)O(sh)Ӌ(j)
Ӳh
¸
B(qing)^(zhng)
(l)^ԗ
O
˵`(yn)
ʮf(shu)˽̰mеˮƽW(xu)ʹһƪnץһ(g)c(din)͉](mi)Ҫ㵽늈(bo)ʽZ(y)L(fng)W(xu)xr(sh)Լw(hu)nc(din)һ¾Ϳ
c̰ ƪ5
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
һ֪R(sh)Ŀ(bio)
(do)W(xu)Yϴµ˽⺣ƷL(fng)
B(yng)Ŀ(bio)
1Y(ji)Ľ(jng)vZ(y)ԷʹĦĵζ
2(do)W(xu)ͨ^(gu)xץסҪСf(shu)Ҫ(ni)M(jn)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)м(x)xĦСf(shu)Z(y)Ժc(din)
BĿ(bio)
B(yng)\(yn){ǻD^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>
c(din)yc(din)
c(din)
1(do)W(xu)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)м(x)xĦСf(shu)Z(y)Ժc(din)
2B(yng)\(yn){⡢ǻD^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>
yc(din)
Y(ji)Ľ(jng)vZ(y)ԷʹĦĵζ
nr(sh)
1nr(sh)
̌W(xu)E
һ_Ŀ(bio)
1Y(ji)Ľ(jng)vZ(y)ԷʹĦĵζ
2(do)W(xu)ͨ^(gu)xץסҪСf(shu)Ҫ(ni)ݣM(jn)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)м(x)xĦСf(shu)Z(y)Ժc(din)
3B(yng)\(yn){ǻD^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>
w֪
1ߺ(jin)
ErnestHemingway18991961һĉӲhQ(chng)l(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~(y)C(l)L(hu)18qM(jn)(bo)^(gu)ɴ(zhn)۱w1954s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)1961겡ʹĥ_(ki)Ԛx͵һ(du)u(png)r(ji)sϿy(tng)f(shu)](mi)Ă(g)(gu)˱ȚW(ni)˹ء(du)(gu)ĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa(chn)^(gu)ӰQ(chng)顰o(j)20o(j)֮һ
(jin)ľSҪ˽(gu)߽ߵ(gu)(jin)(qing)(l)^ľL(fng)ČW(xu)L(zhng)Ё(li)ij1926l(f)ġ̫(yng)𡷡@F(xin)(zhn)˻ÜеƷɞ顰㯵һĴСR_ѩ犞l(shu)Qһg(zhn)ԡͨF(xin)ˇg(sh)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)ġc
L(fng)һԺ(jin)Q(chng)Q(chng)늈(bo)ʽL(zhng)ØOZ(y)(chung)L(fng)Ҳܪ(d)ā(li)վ(xi)ĹоpP(gun)Z(y)ˡҲվ(li)PµҲǰ۲Ӳhԡcɣ၆͡úһԿԸ@(li)Ӳh䱾ɺw(jin)Ըһ(g)˲(li)ҪoMɾǴ
Ժl(f)һЩƪСf(shu)茑(xi)һЩȭţʿC˵@ЩһN۲ϡ(jin)(qing)挦(du)ġӲhӡԸcɣ@NԸİl(f)չcAСf(shu)еĴ~(y)c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еF(xin)˟o(w)cȵ⣬ʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ](mi)бf(shu)@һ(g)wF(xin)f(shu)ġMɰɾǴ˼롣
˂Q(chng)ƷС늈(bo)ʽL(fng)ڱ@Nc(din)ЩwF(xin)
1Y(ji)(gu)ϵĆμٵ٣鹝(ji)֦˹Ըһrֱӳ(chng)ֻϝOɣһ(g)鹝(ji)ҲҪLJ@R~(y)IJ@Լ˶(li)c~(y)֮gIJ^μ(jng)(du)cԭM(jn)˃ɰٶεУ醣Լf(shu)c(li)Ԍ(xi)һǧ(y)ôL(zhng)Сf(shu)дfеÿ(g)Լ?c)ô\ӳܽӵһ^(gu)̡Ȼе٘Z(y)hȥЄeˌ(xi)^(gu)Ė|hȥ˽ӑՓhՓIJȥһлGGı˺o(w)ʹСf(shu)μ
2ʹ^(gu)茑(xi)ַ^(gu)ʹ~eAo壬Mֱˮ(dng)?sh)Ĕ?dng)rČ(du)Ԓ(hu)Ӻ(jin)Z(y)R(zhn)_(dng)ɣ@һr(sh)ĹPҪ挍(sh)(dng)٬F(xin)c~(y)Ĉ(chng)~(y)ā(li)(sh)˵ijӭ(zhn)C(j)Cݣ(xi)(dng)猑(xi)~(y)F(xin)(dng)һɰɫѪһӢĺȻɢ_(ki)ĕr(sh)͏ˮĵطZρ(li)εôʲôҲһ_{(ln)ɫˮӿF(xin)̫(yng)¡@茑(xi)](mi)һ(g)~~(y)ă΄(sh)ľoȅsչʾxǰϴĔֺͷ(f)NճZ(y)ʹx(li)R侳֮СЌ(du)茑(xi)֫E(jin)qһˮīɽˮ(hu)x(li)ĕ
3r(dng)Ą(dng)茑(xi)ͺ(jin)Č(du)Ԓ(hu)ڏĸX(ju)ҕX(ju)|X(ju)ȥ̮(hu)ߡcxߵľxs̵Һֱӱ¶ǰY(ji)ں(jin)ѸٵĄ(dng)N(yn)ȻĻߺ(jin)Č(du)Ԓ(hu)УxԼȥw(hu)猑(xi)c~(y)Ĉ(chng)棺^~(y)߭~(y)^ϵĕr(sh) (tng)óǗl~(y)Ƥ_(ki)`.@N茑(xi)(li)˵Ҋ(jin)xx(li)(hu)^(gu)һȻͬӵĸX(ju)ͬ@ͬoͬϲxȥ猍(sh)ȡӡD(du)cx֮gȥK¡Ҫ(du)cxֱӜͨ@Ҳ@ƪСf(shu)Ĉ(chng)茑(xi)ĵһ(g)Ҫԭ
4һN⾳(jng)Աɽ(li)(chung)f(shu)(chung)Ҫϵıɽ˷֮һ¶˷֮ߑ(yng)ԓ[ˮ¡¶ˮ[ˮµ˼飬ԽrԽ⣬ʹˮ¡IJ韴߀ַʹƷN(yn)
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1ᆖ(wn)˞ʲôf(shu)һ(g)˲(li)ҪoġMɰɾǴ
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2ᆖ(wn)еĪ(d)ʲôc(din)?ʲô
_ijP(gun)ϝOɣc~(y)(chng)茑(xi)߀дă(ni)Ī(d)Ҍ(sh)ӛɣă(ni)Ļ(dng)(xi)ںƯ@đB(ti)ͨ^(gu)(lin)ķʽ挍(sh)٬F(xin)˵˼c@Щ(ni)Ī(d)ײH̽ʾ˹ǃ(ni)ĵԺ(jin)ԼԮĹª(d)WqSSСf(shu)˼(gu)Сf(shu)ҪɫСf(shu)еӲhӶǡZ(y)ȱ˼ϝOɣsSă(ni)Ј(jin)(qing)˼֧Є(dng)˳ɞ麣Сf(shu)п̮(hu)ɹ֮һ
I(y)
ɡӑc(x)һ
c̰ ƪ6
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1J(rn)R(sh)nĵ8(g)_x~
2иxnbԼϲgĶ
3Ʒζnĵă(yu)Z(y)cB(nio)ĝH
c(din)
Ʒζnĵă(yu)Z(y)cB(nio)ĝH
yc(din)
Ʒζnĵă(yu)Z(y)ԣcB(nio)ĝH
̾ߜ(zhn)
nСڰ
̌W(xu)^(gu)
һl(f)ՄԒ(hu)(do)n
1ᆖ(wn)ϲgtҊ(jin)^(gu)tl(shu)f(shu)f(shu)Լϲgĺtʲôӵ
2Mչʾ(do)f(shu)Ԓ(hu)
3҂(li)W(xu)(x)һƪP(gun)ڡ˺ͺtĹ¡(sh)n}
(do)|(zh)ɣָ(do)ԌW(xu)
1f(shu)f(shu)x@(g)n}(hu)ʲô(wn)}
2(do)W(xu)xnһ߅xһ߅˼ȻMСMӑՓ˼
zЧw֪
1zA(y)(x)rԌW(xu)r
2ָ(do)xָ̎(do)P(gun)~
3l(f)˼SY(ji)(sh)R(sh)ˡιtՄttˡٝ
4(do)W(xu)иؾxc(din)
5(do)W(xu)⺬x̵ľӡ
(x)xnc(din)
1ָ(do)x˼(wn)}
2(do)W(xu)˼f(shu)һf(shu)ߞʲô܉Ⱥҳλˏijǽ(li)ǞʲôX(ju)@һλʲôc(din)
5(do)ιt
6(do)W(xu)yw(hu)ct֮g
7Ʒζw(hu)̎(xi)˺t.(dng)B(ti)ɫ
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1f(shu)һf(shu)˽P(gun)ںt֪R(sh)
2չʾѼtĈDƬһԒ(hu)ٝһºt
3 (tng)̎(do)룬Rxn}
4W(xu)ش(wn)}l(shu)ctӺãtôӵ˺ͺt֮gʲô£nĔһʲô
5W(xu)(wn)}ԌW(xu)nģһҌW(xu)(x)@ƪnđ(yng)ԓQЩ(wn)}
6СMȫR(bo)xһxЄ(dng)Ķ
7W(xu)ֹ(ji)x(sh)
8ӑՓnǰʲô(li)(xi)˺ͺt֮gx
9x(xi)úõĶм(x)w(hu)һеĸ
10ľӄ(li)J(rn)c(din)ľӻ䄝(li)СMһ(li)оо
11(x)(x)xһxnһȻȻf(shu)һf(shu)Щc(din)
12ץס茑(xi)òc(din)ľxһxСMӑՓ̎˼(wn)}
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13f(shu)һf(shu)㌦(du)˴@Ԓ(hu)@Ԓ(hu)п˺ͺt֮gʲôP(gun)ϵ顣
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15nI(y)
̌W(xu)˼ƪnĵc(din)(do)W(xu)ץס茑(xi)B(ti)(dng)Z(y)Լ茑(xi)t(dng)c(din)Z(y)䣬w(hu)N(yn)е̌W(xu)Ҫ،W(xu)(d)صxw(yn)˼Sײиˌ(du)tĐ(i)t؈(bo)˵Đ(i)(do)w(hu)ͬr(sh)ҪC(j)ָ(do)W(xu)xP(gun)ľӺͶf(shu)xҪЙC(j)Y(ji)xwF(xin)M(jn)x
c̰ ƪ7
nķ
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̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1xиct֮g˽µ`
2W(xu)(x)茑(xi)t(dng)~ĶW(xu)J(rn)R(sh)(dng)`Ե҂Hܵ҂(du)κһݸ飬ܵõļӱ؈(bo)
3ͨ^(gu)W(xu)(x)nĵļ(x)(ji)茑(xi)W(xu)(hu)挍(sh)wر_(d)飬M(jn)Z(y)Էe
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(x)^ٶxnץס茑(xi)t(dng)c(din)Z(y)w(hu)N(yn)еĦΰct֮gĸ錑(xi)wġ
̌W(xu)^(gu)̣
һp(do)롪ˌ(du)t
ͬW(xu)ͨ^(gu)һ(ji)nČW(xu)(x)ctSS(hu)һo̵ӡ҂һ(li)һ(ctC̎W(xu)^)
ʲô(W(xu)Մ)
f(shu)һ(g)M(mn)~Z(y)Hˡctf(shu)Hһ҂?c)һM(jn)DŽ(dng)˵龰ǷݝH顣(sh)n}
O(sh)Ӌ(j)Dpː(i)tpː(i)tl(f)W(xu)W(xu)(x)dȤʹW(xu)ܵ@һλͨݹͬr(sh)һλеĸ鶼ںt@Nct֮gyԸĝУ(l)Ⱦ¸˄(dng)Ҳڶnr(sh)w(hu)t(du)˵xϵķP
Ԟ^顪t(du)˵
1ɣ(dng)҂Ҷct@HCcҸ֮Еr(sh)һ(g)ҵϢ(li)ˣʾPPTx](mi)뵽^(gu)ʮȻ˸V҂ȥˡ
2r(sh)(du)˂f(shu)^(gu)Ըf(shu)(dng)x_(ki)r(sh)ϣ܉zŴ߅ٿһġŮ˂zԸڰz߅r(sh)sl(f)һ벻Ո(qng)ͬW(xu)x1519Ȼ߅x߅ЩЄ(dng)cͬ
(1)x(hu)Є(dng)IJ
2g,ܵһNʲô?һ(g)~(li)ݴ˕r(sh)˿̺t
tʲô(hu)@ӵ?
O(sh)Ӌ(j)D(do)W(xu)(wn)}x(sh)M(jn)W(xu)(g)ԻxW(xu)ԌW(xu)W(xu)wϸ֪n@óxw(yn)
3.˰Ѻt(dng)H,tҲˮ(dng)H,еЩط(xi)t˵H?
4.R(bo)
A(y)O(sh):
A.һȺtͻȻw(li)˵zwP(pn)B?sh)Q˄(sh)cƽr(sh)һӣǰl(f)ʲô
(1)(do)W(xu)ץסc(din)~Z(y)һӡᆖ(wn)tĽcʽcƽr(sh)(hu)ӵġһӡ
2ώゃĻش(dng)֪ˣt˕r(sh)ǽģʾPPTtBƺf(shu)ʲô
3ͬW(xu)tһеĺ@Ӡ߀бl(shu)ܰ@NX(ju)x(li)
ҷһֻжֱĺtͬW(xu)҂һ(li)@Ԓ(hu)xһxRx
ɣtwP(pn)B?sh)QС˅sʼKһ(dng)(dng)tKףѽ(jng)h(yun)h(yun)xȥڴ߅?yu)eһ(chng)˵YЩط܉wF(xin)t(du)˵һƬH˰
BtȄ(dng)݆wzǰĿУǰ(li)հzݵH
1ܵʲôĂ(g)~ܵģ
2W(xu)f(shu)հհ˼հָĿһָ(du)˵ǂˆW(xu)ӑՓR(bo)
3xt(du)@NH˰Ĝ߀Ќ(du)˵c(i)ָx
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xՈ(qng)(g)wxՈ(qng)u(png)r(ji)
xώѮ(dng)r(sh)ɏ挍(sh)Ƭ(li)ˣһ(du)հ`r(sh)`ƬһǺt䡱^(gu)ȥƬʾPPT䱯Сx_(ki)һ졷ؽf(shu)tվɃһ(dng)(dng)`ppغˣǰ](mi)ЃŮ҂ăŮ҂?yu)`\˵zòtһеē^(gu)(li)?sh)QУҪ@Ƭ҂?c)ٿ҂Hһoς(g)ɣͬW(xu)ĕ(sh)҂һف(li)иx1617ȻRx
5ͬW(xu)һʲôԭ(hu)l(f)@ӵ벻R(bo)
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ڗU߅߅tĹ(ji)ųһƬwİɫwһƪɫĘ(l)V
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˼Ͽ(li)Ǻt˵Ĺ(ji)䣬(sh)tĹ(ji)߅߅ָx
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t(li)øˣԵøgՈ(qng)gxxx
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˺t߀ (tng)ʲô
ゃַ·Ҋ(jin)ʲô
ゃô (tng)ôܵôܲܰ@Ԓ(hu)xһxԼl(shu)xָx
ʮ(li)ÿ궬(li)RL(fng)o(w)ŮһctSͬV(xi)@ĸ衪W(xu)x׃QɵԊ(sh)ԡ(i)z(l)?
^(gu)ɣһ֧ѽs׃һױİ裬RxһȻ
O(sh)Ӌ(j)D
Z(y)Ľ̌W(xu)Ҫx鱾xռ^ex̌W(xu)x_(ki)鲢ïxֻ(ni)ǘӵx̌W(xu)ǚȱx̌W(xu)һҪҪxvxn茑(xi)tľӌ(xi)÷dz(dng)Ҳʮָ̌W(xu)ҕ(hu)xw(hu)Y(ji)(li)ڌW(xu)Ʒζnĺmr(sh)ָ(do)W(xu)xe(do)W(xu)ؑF(xin)(sh)c˸er(sh)Ĉ(chng)棬(li)(do)W(xu)w(hu)tʲô`Оʲôá䡱áwıcĽY(ji)(hu)ʹW(xu)w(hu)t(du)xȻͨ^(gu)x¶(li)ϲȡͬʽxxָxxxŮxِxRxW(xu)xdȤ_(d)xvxĿ
(xi)Ԓ(hu)ƷζctH
1:ǰ˵w߀Ǻtt(du)Ҳһ߀кööԒ(hu)˴˃AV҂һ(li)@(g)Ը
(xi)Ԓ(hu)
1һֻ(jng)ιB(yng)^(gu)ĺt挦(du)Hˡ(hu)(du)f(shu)Щʲô
2ˣؑcŮtһĻĻ挦(du)ʹ^ĺt(hu)(du)f(shu)Щʲô
2(xi)
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2УһӐ(i)o(h)(dng)߀кܶ㣬д҂F(xin)ځ(li) (tng)һ裺QĹ¡ϣ҂ÿ(g)˶(li)P(gun)(i)(dng)̈́(dng)ƽ̎ɣ
O(sh)Ӌ(j)D
h(hun)(ji)Ľ̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ʹW(xu)`x`A (tng)w(yn)`_(d)ڌW(xu)Z(y)B(yng)γcl(f)չʹW(xu)ի@,˼µnã_(ki)ʼµ̽
c̰P(gun)£
c̰05-17
c̰10-18
c̰10-11
ctĽ̰06-16
c̰07-23
c̰10-14
c̰(x)06-28
c̰(yu)09-29
[Ʒ]c̰06-28
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