- ɫ̰ ]ȣ
- ČW(xu)nĽ̌W(xu)˼ ]ȣ
- СƌW(xu)ӡĻ̰ ]ȣ
- а̰ ]ȣ
- Ԋ ]ȣ
- P(gun)]
ČW(xu)̰(15ƪ)
һͨҪõ̰ǒW(xu)̰ڌW(xu)Ⲣϵy(tng)֪R텢ԼҪĽ̰ɣСʹġČW(xu)̰ϣ܉ҡ
ČW(xu)У̰1
̌W(xu)Ҫ
1.n_JxP5֡ա١@䡢ѡ13֡JxҰ~Z
2.иxnھG龰
3.x(ni)ݵĻA(ch)ϣԊLĮwԊ⾳
̾ߜʂ䣺
ֿƬn
̌W(xu)rg
2nr
̌W(xu)^̣
һnr
һ(do)
̎(do)n
e{?̩ꠖ(1861ꡪ1941)ӡԊˡČW(xu)Ӽҡ܌W(xu)ҺӡxС̴wBɳĂˡͥc硷@¼ԊƪΣC
zW(xu)ԌW(xu)~r
1.xֵ
ĵP
2.Rӛ֡
A.ƫӛ֣ġe
B.Qƫӛ֣ѡ
3.~Z˼
ҰěԭҰ
gvĚg
ææЄӼӿ
xn˽nă(ni)
1.W(xu)xnx
2.ָͬW(xu)_xnעxͬW(xu)˼ÿһvʲô(ni)?̎Cָ(do)
3.ffÿεă(ni)
һ(1ȻΡ2Ȼ)꽵rھGݵg
ڶ(3ȻΡ5Ȼ)rP(gun)TnĻ䂃ż
(6Ȼ)ӂдɫѣ_˳
Ķ(7ȻΡ9Ȼ)ӂææsؼңʋPp
ġxnԼpľ
1. ̎x
2.̎I(lng)xW(xu)Rxn
3.W(xu)xnģ߅x߅Լpľ
4.ͬfһf@Щ?
5.̎nʾѾ
6.ͬW(xu)fԼĸܣҹͬp
ڶnr
һ(f)(x)
1._܇xn߅ ߅˼ÿһvʲô?
2.ָW(xu)úԒÿһȻεă(ni)
xи̽
1.W(xu)(x)һ
A.ָ̎x
B.W(xu)ҳԼϲgһԒfϲgԭ
Ė|L(fng)^Ұдڵ
wһ~Z˖|L(fng)c?()ġ^ڵѡ@ɂ~Zʲô?@Ԓԓ?x@Ԓ뵽һ?
ǣһȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳھGg
wʲôǡһȺһȺĻǡһһĻ?J黨ʲôطܳ?̎(do)l(f)ġһȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳ@Ԓиʲô?gʲô˼?ھGݵ龰?
C.ָ(do)W(xu)иxb
2.W(xu)(x)ڶ
A.W(xu)Rx
B.xи̽
ʲôҡXáȺڵµČW(xu)УόW(xu)?ô⡰һżˡ?
3.ָ(do)W(xu)(x)
A.̎x
B.̽
֦л|fʲô?
ô⡰G~ڿL(fng)푡һ?
֡ʲô˼?
ô⡰ӂ㴩ϵġSѡ?
J黨ӂ_˳Ҫȥ?ʲô?
C.ָ̎(do)x
D.W(xu)x
4.W(xu)(x)Ķ
A.W(xu)Rx
B.ָ(do)W(xu)x
СJ黨ӂļ?ǃָă?ӂææsؼҵ龰?߿ӂææsؼǞʲô?
C.W(xu)ɸ
5.СY(ji)
չ
ffлČW(xu)УʲôӵW(xu)_ijڽM(ni)ȻڰϽ
̌W(xu)˼
һZώֻԼMııȾ܉ЄӌW(xu)ӌW(xu)nҪӂԼһĻSߵZ[L@(yng)ԓ҂е`ӵZn
(ji)nijɹ֮̎
1.ӱUչg
̎ڽ̌W(xu)^Ҫ(chung)O(sh)löNֶ\òͬʩSW(xu)ı䣬M|(zh)ߌW(xu)Ą(chung)硰ɫrGĻһ뻨rʲô?fʲô?ʲôӵı?(do)W(xu)w磺һڻW(xu)У߀l(f)ЩȤ?fһfһlSW(xu)ĸ֪ܿһxϺ؏(f)ҪλNʽNйمc֪;ڌW(xu)^Xн_Sı@Ҫ҂x̌W(xu)бҪӏֱ^̌W(xu)W(xu)ṩSĸԲ
2.ĄW(xu)ĄǶ˼
һ˱϶ܵe˵pDzԶģW(xu)ώ϶Ǹdo@ЩW(xu)c|(zh)ֻҪܽom?sh)Ŀ϶ñPĄԵ(do)Zԣټm?sh)ĄwB(ti)ԼW(xu)dȤ͕ӵչ_@ҲǼl(f)W(xu)xrչ_Чֶ
֮̎
ný̌W(xu)У߀Ҫע̎ZҪҪڰl(f)F(xin)W(xu)cMڱPĄW(xu)W(xu)ϲgZn
ČW(xu)̰2
̌W(xu)Ŀ
1.Jnѡ5ġ13֣JR֡١ֽMɵ~Z
2._xnģھGϡ衱g龰
3.иxnġbԼϲgIJ
4.ͨ^~ZxwM˵Č
5.ҳnrе~䡣ܷաһżˡı_
6.xnwnĸͯͯȤZ⾳
̌W(xu)c
W(xu)Jֺ͕(do)W(xu)ͨ^nĵwպ͌c~ܻӵĻ{(dio)Ƥ
̌W(xu)yc
ZL龰ܴȻĻе`ͯͯȤ
̌W(xu)nr2nr
һnr
nrĿ
1.Jn513֣JR֡١ֽMɵ~Z(c)
2.xnھGϡ衱g龰(yc))
̾ߜʂ䣺n
̌W(xu)^
һ(do)n
(do)ͣŸόW(xu)衷
ͬW(xu)ڌW(xu)УW(xu)(x)lffԼČW(xu)УʲôӵW(xu)㼺Ҋゃ֪҂ЌW(xu)УBҲЌW(xu)УأW(xu)(x)ڶnČW(xu)n}2ČW(xu)УW(xu)Rxn}
չʾDƬ f^ČW(xu)УlܿDffġČW(xu)
̎ʾʾW(xu)đffČW(xu)ČW(xu)ffČW(xu)Уܰl(f)
̎СY(ji)ՄԒ^ɣnġČW(xu)У̩ꠖһɢԊ҂һMČW(xu)УI(lng)һ
B
e{ء̩ꠖ(1861ꡪ1941)ӡԊˡČW(xu)Ӽҡ܌W(xu)Һӡx̩ꠖӡȼӠһеFͥԡ̴ɞһλ@ZؐČW(xu)āԊк̵ڽ̺܌W(xu)Ҋ⣬̩ꠖԊӡʷԊĵλ̴wBɳ
ČW(xu)Уx̩ꠖăͯɢԊ¼1886ꡣrL(fng)Aï̩ꠖֵL(fng)ĵһŮýI(y)Ҳȡóɹܰļͥ\CǰʹԊ䐂@ӵı£@ԊԊ̩֮ꠖҲ˱u顰ͯԊˡf¼ʹogͽoصԊƪ
x֪
1. x߅ ߅еעֵx
2.W(xu)xҪxnעxxͨӣyxĵطxױ
3.zxr
1Jx
x~Zx֣ٽM~
ٳʾֵ~W(xu)Jx
ҰڵPվż
cָ(do)֡ѡNѡ֡١
JЩ~Zxeyxٷ(f)x
2W(xu)(x)֣أd de٣ji ji
xһxľӣʲôl(f)F(xin)
һȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳھGg
أd de
d1>Lӵڣ2>ij֣|(zh)ؚ3>ȥIJ֣ꑵء4>5>ءϵһ^(q)^(q)6>䁳ɵƽ棺ذ7>ڿg^(q)IJλc
deY(ji)(gu)~~~M֮ʾ^Z
һż
٣ji ji
ji挍DZc桱ɽԒð̓ٵ
jiҎ(gu)(jng)Ոʕrx_?q)W(x)աٗlż١ٵ
xһx
Ӌd(de)Сf҂ҪwϷ^Сڵ(d)¶ߣ괺ҲŕҊ
ڷż٣jiҺͰְȥһ@ҿܶ٣jiɽ
3~Z
~Z˼B
Ұ e
g ěҰ
| ;
P |ײ
vg
4ָxnzxrǷ_Ƿͨ
4.xn
1xnһ룺nČʲôČBƤҾSāĺӣڿ늽L(fng)꽻֮ݵðĻrԼYG
2n˼·
գnȌ꽵rھGݵg裩ٌrP(gun)TnĻ䂃żˣȻӂдɫ_˳ӂææsؼңʋPpۣ
ġW(xu)(x)֡
ĵPٻ?lin)P
1.W(xu)
JxЕֵ~Zx֣^PսY(ji)(gu)ףM~
2.ָ(do)
1^֕c
䡢ѡۡ½Y(ji)(gu)όխ衱½Y(ji)(gu)խP½Y(ji)(gu)»ͬ PҽY(ji)(gu)խҌ ҽY(ji)(gu)ҵȌ
2ώ,cָ(do)½Y(ji)(gu)֡ġ衱ҽY(ji)(gu)֡¡W(xu)
ģόխ߅ֹPogҪСQ۲ҪƲ߅gһQ
裺߅߅gһMQ߅һML(sh)ڶPƲ
L߅ɂϦ߅ƲҪL
£խҌࡱ߅MMLgһQ߅^
W(xu),̎Ѳҕָ(do)ͶӰչʾ_^~bnգr
塢e(x)_
1.xnrе~Zժeۣ
1ʾQ~ꡢҰ֡ڵGݡW(xu)Уǡ֦G~L(fng)
2ʾ~ZZ푡^ܳgόW(xu)Α|P
3茑~Z
4B~һȺһȺææ
5茑ɫ~ZϵSġ
2.(x)\ã(lin)ϵH(x)ÿgææfԒ
O(sh)ӋD~ZԴ鷴ӳڌW(xu)W(xu)~Zr҂(do)W(xu)ľw龰֣(do)W(xu)ȥ֪Y(ji)w{W(xu)(x)~Ze~ZL֪R
nСY(ji)
xnĺܵʲô
(ji)n҂ͨ^ xxָxxnxW(xu)_nĕR~Zķ⣬x@ƪn҂ܵ˻ĻɐۡϣM˃ͯȤ
Ùzy
ˡnI(y)
ڶnr
W(xu)(x)Ŀ
1.иxnbԼϲgIJ֡
2.ͨ^~ZxwM˵Čc
3.xnwnĸͯͯȤZ⾳yc
̾ߜʂ䣺n
̌W(xu)^
һnǰ(do)
ͬW(xu)ώoゃһЩĈDƬ뿴nʾһMĻDƬゃX@ЩôƯώV㣬@ЩƯĻゃһԼċԼČW(xu)Уゃ벻ȥČW(xu)У룩@(ji)n҂^m(x)W(xu)(x)ČW(xu)҂MnnлČW(xu)Уӵ
O(sh)ӋD\ÌW(xu)ϲgĈDƬl(f)ˌW(xu)ČW(xu)(x)dȤ}(do)nĵČW(xu)(x)һʹW(xu)_˱nrČW(xu)(x)΄(w)һ(do)W(xu)B(yng)ˌW(xu)}xnĵ(x)T
xnw
1.xnģ˼nлČW(xu)Уӵ
2.СMӑՓ
3.ȫཻ̎uhСY(ji)
Ʒx
һx
1.xnھGϡ衢gӵ龰
A(y)O(sh)һ۵ĻIJ݅С߅Ĵʹ@ܿؾۼݵ㵸еġеġеġ߀еġ_ģg
СY(ji)nĵĵڶȻֻһԒ@ԒһM˾ܳgͻ˻ɐ
2.xnrе~Z;Ӷxױ顣
1һ댑Щ
nČơ|L(fng)֦G~Ⱦ
2ùP@ЩľԼԒffʲôӵ
W(xu)l(f)̎uhСY(ji)҂MnȥƷx
cͻƣx
1.ZµµĕrĖ|L(fng)^Ұдڵ
1ָxһȻ
2߅ ߅룺֪ʲô
3µµĕrl(f)ӵWrr@ӵ~ZǔM~
4Ė|L(fng)^Ұдڡl܌W(xu)һW(xu)@N(ָ(do)W(xu)иxһȻ)
5ġ^Ұڡܵʲô
|L(fng)^ԭҰڵѡ@ӔM˻茑҂һȻ꽻ӵĮ
6xnģff㌦ӵw
Ė|L(fng)^Ұдڵѡ
֦л|G~ڿL(fng)푣
@ɂӶǔM˵Č|L(fng)֦Ʈˁ팑@ӌ҂ܵ꽻ӵĐǻӅs顣
2.һȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳھGg
1(f)xffԼX︡F(xin)ӵĮ
߹P£ǡܳھGݵgx@҂XչF(xin)@һӵĮ棺һ۵ĻIJ݅С߅Ĵʹ@ܿؾۼݵ㵸
2^ɣđµУЦʲôfʲôʲôӵ赸W(xu)㼺Ҋ(do)W(xu)栀Zx@Ԓ
3.XЩڵµČW(xu)УόW(xu)
1(lin)ϵԼ(jng)vff@Ԓ
ںǺһόW(xu)xеĺ̫ĉͥW(xu)Уȫѽ(jng)ԓеͯô澫ʵ
2^ɣđڌW(xu)УӌW(xu)(x)ģW(xu)㼺Ҋ
4.P(gun)TnɢW(xu)ǰΑώҪPվǵġ
1ָxĄW(xu)vһvώPվĹһ룬lώώʲôҪPվČW(xu)Уʲôӵġ(do)W(xu)ԴđԼZԁMP(gun)Tn
ӰѻcԼ(lin)ϵ@ǺӲPվڽǡ@ǻͺһӵ
O(sh)ӋDץסP(gun)I~n_ijanĵĿհõnă(ni)
2^ɣ@Nrʲô
5.һżˡ
1ԊġꡱǻģֻͿԷżͿڲݵg
2һżϲg@ӵı_Ոӌһ
A(y)O(sh)һL(fng)һ_
A(y)O(sh)һg
3^ɣżٺӵģW(xu)㼺Ҋ
6.֦л|G~ڿL(fng)֡
֦̽л|fʲôô⡰G~ڿL(fng)W푡һ֡ʲô˼⡰@ӵ~Zfׂe۔M~
@茑RǰL(fng)ľںоһӡ|푡֡]κεĺ_ϲ
7.@rӂ㴩ϵS_˳
1J@ԒеĂõúʲô@ЩNɫĻdzĚg_`ôȲ_ML(fng)
2߅ ߅룺֪ʲôrdˣ늰ޛ_һɫ·ʲôSɫ·ʲôɫ·ʲô
3һǰʲôfʲôʲôӵı(do)W(xu)w
4һؑһrʲôһ´rʲôӣͨ^@ӵČʲô䌍@ҲwF(xin)˻һNBľh(hun)ԽԽǛ_y(zhn)Q^ܰxָ(do)x
5@Щӛ_˳ʲô@ЩɵıΑˮ̵
6ՄԒ^ɣnĸV҂ČW(xu)У^]лļW(xu)㼺Ҋ
8.֪ļסĵط
1ߞʲôfļϣ@Ǻӵ頀СnjĿ|韵ģסĵطnj]мs̫ꖋĐǜغ͵ġ
2ՄԒ^ɣˣҪăȥW(xu)㼺Ҋ
9.]пҊӵؼҪǃȥ㲻֪?yu)ʲôǘӼææ?/p>
1(f)xff֪ʲôɂɆV҂Ƕôϣܵõ̫ꖰĜůհ
2ָ(do)xxȵؼҵZ
3}^ȣȵؼʲôȻ܉µónjlPpہҲċԼċһPpۣ
10.ָxһȻ֪ʲô뻨ċlW(xu)ӑՓRSW(xu)RͽQ˄_ʼĆ}ċlһԒָ(do)x
1.СMͬW(xu)ffĻھGϡ衢g龰ӑՓγķԼЩҿgôģͬW(xu)ô뻨L(fng)꽻龳ʲôӵȻ߀ͬW(xu)ģ@Ӿf@}Ĵ
ָ(do)ཻСY(ji)(do)(lin)ϵ棺߅x߅淽ܶڶȻҪץסc~Z(lin)ϵȴ_c~ZǡgȻҰԼЩҿgôͬW(xu)ô뻨L(fng)꽻ӵ龳ʲôӵ߀ͬW(xu)ģ@Ҿf@}Ĵ
2.pxnٴwnă(yu)⾳xnһȻbeۃ(yu)~Z
Y(ji)nּ
xnϲgČW(xu)Уʲô(_ӵ˼)ϲgČW(xu)У@ƪnģԊĹP|\ÔMַăͯBƤҾSāĺڿ늽L(fng)꽻֮ݵðĻrԼYGԊ؏ĺӵДĻɐۡϣM˃ͯȤɐͯͯȤ
W(xu)(x)
ڌʲôcM˻Č
1M˾ǰ˸߂˄׃ɺһӾЄĘӡȫƪ\ÔM˻ַăͯ硰Ė|L(fng)^Ұдڵ^ڵѡ@Щֻ˲ŕ߰ѡ|L(fng)ˁ팑һ@ЩО
2fׂ@ӵľӆeһꇏL(fng)Ūy˻l(f)Ҳ˲݃Pֱ
3һľӸČM˾
̫̫¶ЦĘ
ʯʯ_Ц
nСY(ji)
ͨ^@(ji)nČW(xu)(x)ʲôի@W(xu)㼺Ҋ
ԊĹP|ăͯ҂ܵ@ƪnͯȤwn˼ͬrҌW(xu)(x)\ÔM˵ַ팑ֲķ
}
1.һ룬ڻW(xu)У߀l(f)ЩȤfһfһl
A(y)O(sh)쵽ČW(xu)У_۾,ֻҊ,̧̧^,ȿֺؿvŭ,tɫSɫ{ɫɫɫġǰٻG,_@ЩmȻF,ԼccɫьW(xu)УcYøn
O(sh)ӋDͨ^СP(do)W(xu)һӖ(xn)W(xu)_ͬrB(yng)ˌW(xu)(lin)
]x
n]xhļt~
һx˼
1.ԿˮУ
2.ÞʲôҲˤһ
xhļt~ɾ(x)
1.t~hĹP
2.t~``˽ZfЩʲô
Ùzy
ʮnI(y)
O(sh)Ӌ
g
P(gun)Tnɐ
W(xu)_ML(fng)ͯͯȤ
УPp
n˼
ɹ֮̎
̎ný̌W(xu)Є(chung)O(sh)löNֶ\òͬʩSW(xu)ıM|(zh)ߌW(xu)Ą(chung)硰đµЦʲôfʲôʲôӵ赸磺đڌW(xu)УӌW(xu)(x)ָxĄW(xu)vһvώPվĹ¡һlώώʲôҪPվČW(xu)Уʲôӵġ(do)W(xu)ԴđԼZԁMһǰʲôfʲôʲôӵı(do)W(xu)wڽ̌W(xu)гÈDƬץסհ}W(xu)ČW(xu)(x)dȤW(xu)ijЌߌW(xu)ZB(yng)
nϽ̎rW(xu)nûMurnur\pZ⌦W(xu)oֵĿ϶ټԵ(do)ZmτwB(ti)W(xu)dȤl(f)W(xu)ӵչ_@ҲǼl(f)W(xu)xrչ_Чֶ
֮̎
ný̌W(xu)߀Ҫע̎ZҪˣҪڡаl(f)F(xin)W(xu)cMÌW(xu)M(do)W(xu)eیW(xu)(x)šW(xu)W(xu)(x)_Ǟ˲̡Ŀ
ČW(xu)̰3
ČW(xu)һ׃(yu)ͯȤԊ裬(ji)x̩ꠖ¼ÔM˵oַչ_Sԃͯ۹L˻ӂ{(dio)Ƥ@ԊĹ(ji)ԊZԺL龳{(dio)ӌW(xu)P(gun)wl(f)ČW(xu)(x)dȤʹW(xu)(x)(ni)ݮa(chn)H
һ̌W(xu)Ч
(ji)n@̌W(xu)ĿȡһЩЧ
1ČW(xu)@ƪnZ䃞(yu)ɫкW(xu)nǰѡČW(xu)(j)ԼJ֪îP@ʹW(xu)nĵČ(do)xЧ
2ֱ^̌W(xu)Uչg@nöýwÿDnñݵȶNֶSW(xu)ı䣬W(xu)м^đߌW(xu)Ą(chung)硰ɫrGĻһ뻨rʲôfʲôʲôӵı(do)W(xu)w磬̎A(y)֙CƵngУ@Сҕlһ룬ڻW(xu)У߀l(f)ЩȤfһfһlW(xu)һݣԼôʹW(xu)W(xu)(x)(ni)ݮa(chn)HУͨ^λNʽNйمc֪;ڌW(xu)^Xн_Sı
3wfY(ji)̌W(xu)ȻΣĄW(xu)vһvώPվĹ¡һ룺lώώʲôҪPվČW(xu)Уʲôӵ(do)W(xu)Q_ʼĆ}W(xu)ԴđԼһӭȻȻfһfһСPlʹW(xu)ܵѬգ܌ĘȤĶB(yng)ZB(yng)
ɹ֮̎
(lin)ϵڽ̌W(xu)ڶȻΕrҺ͌W(xu)߅x߅W(xu)Mıڱץסc~Z(lin)ϵȴ_c~Zǡ衢gȻҰԼЩҿgԓôͬW(xu)ô룺L(fng)꽻ӵ龳ʲôӵģ@ӌW(xu)͕⻨ĻɐۡwͯȤ
֮̎
ňW(xu)ȻһЩ֮̎꼉W(xu)x̩ꠖ£y^ҪƷxxԊ˿ܰƽôȻqrĿ՚⣬ƢnjW(xu)a(chn)SĆ}磺ώlG~ڿL(fng)푡ȻǡL(fng)ôǡ̎ڂnδܰ@Щ̌W(xu)A(y)ȥ֜ʂ
Mʩ
ᘌrƶ¸Mʩ
1ӏnMһϤ꼉W(xu)J֪cѽ̌W(xu)A(y)Ԕɲ
2W(xu)nǰġČW(xu)nxY(ji)ԺW(xu)ٴήČW(xu)УуɷMЌȡ
ČW(xu)̰4
̌W(xu)Ŀˣ
1n_Jx֡|
2иxnbһ(ji)
3x(ni)ݵĻA(ch)ԊLĮ棬wԊ⾳
cyc
1иxnԊă(ni)
2ԊLĮwԊ⾳
̌W(xu)ʂ䣺
~Ƭn
һnr
һ(do)룺
̎ߌ(do)n
zW(xu)ԌW(xu)~r
1x
PPp
2Rӛ
Aƫӛ֣cۡx|ǡ|
BQƫԼ֣Cڡ
3xx~Z
ͻȻԭҰgææ
4~Z˼
ɡ
ԭҰVƽ̹ĵط
gvĚg
ææЄӼӿ졣
xnģ˽nĵă(ni)
1W(xu)xnx˳Ȼε̖
2ՈͬW(xu)_xnעxͬW(xu)˼ÿһ(ji)Ԋvʲô(ni)̎Cָ(do)
3ffÿ(ji)Ԋă(ni)ݡ
һ(ji)꽵rھGݵg
ڶ(ji)rP(gun)TnĻ䂃׃ż
(ji)ӂдɫϣ_˳
Ĺ(ji)ӂææsؼʋPp
ġxnԼpľӡ
1 ̎x
2̎I(lng)xW(xu)Rxn
3xn߅x߅Լpľ
4ͬfһf@Щ
5̎nʾѾ
6ͬW(xu)fԼĸܣҹͬp
ڶnr
һ(f)(x)
1_܇xn߅ ߅˼ÿһȻvʲô
2ָW(xu)úԒÿһȻεă(ni)
xи̽
1W(xu)(x)һ(ji)
Aώx
BR@һ(ji)Ѓ(yu)~fϲgԭ
C(f)bĦƷλZԵľ
Ė|L(fng)^ԭҰдڵ
wһ~Z˖|L(fng)c
ġ^ڵѡ@ɂ~Zʲô
@Ԓԓ
x@Ԓ뵽һ
һȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳھGݵg
wʲôǡһȺһȺĻǡһһĻ
J黨ʲôطܳ̎(do)l(f)
ġһȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳ@Ԓиʲô
gʲô˼ھGݵ龰
Dָ(do)W(xu)иxb
2W(xu)(x)ڶ(ji)
AW(xu)Rx
Bxи̽
ʲôҡXáȺڵµČW(xu)УόW(xu)P(gun)Tn
ô⡰һ׃żˡ
3ָ(do)W(xu)(x)(ji)
A̎x
B̽
֦л|fʲô
ô⡰G~ڿL(fng)W푡һ
֡ʲô˼
ô⡰ӂ׃ɫSɫɫѡģ
J黨ӂ_˳Ҫȥʲô
Cָ̎(do)x
DW(xu)x
4W(xu)(x)Ĺ(ji)
AW(xu)Rx
Bָ(do)W(xu)x
СJ黨ӂļ
ǃָă
ӂææsؼҵ龰
߿ӂææsؼǞʲô
CW(xu)Ă
5СY(ji)
չ
ffлČW(xu)УʲôӵW(xu)_ijڽM(ni)ȻڰϽ
W(xu)xn(x)bһ(ji)
O(sh)Ӌ
10ČW(xu)У
ھGݵg赸
ӣ?ڵW(xu)УP(gun)Tnɐ
æؼҌPp
ČW(xu)̰5
W(xu)(x)Ŀˣ
1JRĵ28ֽ֣Mɵ~Z
2_xn
3֪nă(ni)ݺС
W(xu)(x)yc
R
֪nĵă(ni)
^c
̎
һ(lin)֪Ȥ룺
2ゃ֪҂ЌW(xu)УBҲЌW(xu)УW(xu)(x)ʮnČW(xu)Уn}
xnw֪
3zW(xu)(x)r
4W(xu)(x)~Zе~Z
xnģ
2Rxcu
ġW(xu)֣
2ָ(do)ׂҪעĵط
]c
Pһһԣ
IJҪע⡣
3J{(dio)˄
4urrչʾI(y)
nСY(ji)
xԒČW(xu)У@һnʲôأ
I(y)O(sh)Ӌ
иxn
W(xu)
1ffԼČW(xu)Уʲôӵ
Rxn}
nxJ ֵİl(f)
ͬxġ
ȫRxϤn
ʾҪ8^ÿֵ
O(sh)Ӌ
10ČW(xu)У
̩ꠖӡ
|ѓP
MƽQֱ
̌W(xu)˼
ncָ(do)W(xu)ӼÿһPȻeָ(do)ҲǷֲ_nЂeͬW(xu)ְָ(do)ܹPPcչPҪI(lng)@ȥö֮ҵĺӂ֕M
ČW(xu)̰6
1ƷζnھGg龰
2ܷաһżˡı_ӡ
c
ھGg龰
yc
ܷաһżˡı_
һ(f)(x)(do)
1Jxn
2_܇Αonֿ^M~
3ָxn
xn
1СMxnġ
2W(xu)(x)12ȻھG衢g龰
1̎x12Ȼ
2W(xu)R(yu)~ff@Щ~
3(f)bĦƷλZԵľ
ٝĖ|L(fng)^Ұдڵ
AwĂ~Z˖|L(fng)c
Bġ^Ұڵѡ@ɂZʲô|L(fng)x˵ΩΩФ،˖|L(fng)^ԭҰĄӑB(ti)
x@Ԓ뵽һӵĮָf
һȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳھG衢g
AwʲôǡһȺһȺĻǡһһĻ
BJ黨ʲôطܳ̎(do)l(f)
CġһȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳ@Ԓиʲô
Dgʲô˼ھGg龰
(do)W(xu)nԼ֫wZԱF(xin)衢gĄwƬd^ϲ͟oПo
4ָ(do)W(xu)иx
3W(xu)(x)34Ȼ
1W(xu)Rx@ɂȻ
2xи̽
ʲôҡXáЩڵµČW(xu)УόW(xu)P(gun)Tn
4ָ(do)W(xu)(x)56ȻΡ
1̎x
2̽
⡰һżˡ@Ԓģϲg@ӵı_
ʾ龰ՈW(xu)һ
L(fng)һ________________________________________________________________________
һ________________________________________________________________________
̫һ________________________________________________________________________
ҹR________________________________________________________________________
ڡ|fʲô֡ʲô˼
(do)W(xu)|һZ¡¡푵Ĉ
ô⡰ӂ㴩ϵSġѡ
J黨ӂ_˳Ҫȥʲô
3ָ̎(do)x
4W(xu)x
5W(xu)(x)79ȻΡ
1W(xu)Rx
2˼J黨ӂļǃָăӂææsؼҵ龰߿ӂææsؼǞʲô
3W(xu)ɸnĵĿհ̎Լ뵽ʲô
4СY(ji)
Y(ji)
1ffnлČW(xu)УʲôӵСM(ni)ȻڰϽ
@ƪnă(yu)ͯȤߏĻϮa(chn)S茑һȺɵĻ҂ҲnĵČ팑ŴҕúȤ
ČW(xu)У̰7
̌W(xu)Ŀˡ
֪Rc:
1.ġ13,_Jxѡ4,JR֡١,_xҰ12~Z
2._иxn,Ĭxn,܌nвĵطɆ
3.nă(ni),wnĸͯͯȤZԺSā,B(yng)W(xu)|(zh)ɡ_
^c:
1.JP(gun)Α,H~
2.иxn,nL龰
3.еc~Z,wnĸͯͯȤZ
БB(ti)crֵ^:
ܻɐۡăͯȤ
̌W(xu)c
1.иxn,Ԋă(ni)
2.ԊLĮ,wԊ⾳
̌W(xu)yc
1.nă(ni),wnĸͯͯȤZ
2.wnSā
nrš2nr
̌W(xu)ʂ䡿ýwn
һnr
nrĿˡ
1.ġ13,_Jxġѡ4,JR֡١,_xҰ12~Z
2._иxn,Ĭxn,܌nвĵطɆ
̌W(xu)^̡
һՄԒȤ,n}
1.ffԼČW(xu)Уʲôӵ
2.ゃ֪҂ЌW(xu)У,BҲЌW(xu)У,W(xu)(x)2nČW(xu)
2 ČW(xu)У(n})
3.Rxn}
O(sh)ӋD:
W(xu)ԼϤУ@,ČW(xu)У,{(dio)ӌW(xu)xnĵdȤ
Ҫ,A(y)(x)
1.҂ȁ2nҪɵA(y)(x)΄(w)
(1)_Jxn13ּ~,Y(ji)ϾwZԭh(hun)֡١x;_Ҏ(gu)ؕ~(lin)ϵn~˼
(2)_иxn,W(xu)(x)ʹáˮ~;LԇxԼĸ,áʵZ;Lԇxnă(ni),ܴđԼɻ,á?ћ]ŪĆ}Ϙӛ
(3)W(xu)ͬ齻W(xu)(x)ի@,zyurwW(xu)(x)ĘȤ܉?q)W(xu)(x)Ы@õČW(xu)(x)(jng)(yng)ԺČW(xu)(x)ȥ,W(xu)W(xu)(x)
ָxA(y)(x)΄(w)
2.:ӹPīx,A(y)(x)ͬҪӹPī҂ͰԼnA(y)(x)ĸضķ̖ӛ,ڕ˼ĺE
O(sh)ӋD:
A(y)(x)΄(w),W(xu)ԌW(xu),W(xu)Г(j),wF(xin)ԌW(xu)wĽ̌W(xu)
zA(y)(x),MJP(gun)
:JA(y)(x)@ƪn,A(y)(x)ô?,ώһJP(gun)Α,ұһ,һJ^P(gun)?Եõw?
һP(gun):hִI_JxԪ~,ʹ䓹Pָ_Ҏ(gu)ؕ,ɫ@á֮ǡQ̖
ڶP(gun):xչʾ__xn,nă(ni),ɫ@áxСǡQ̖
P(gun):ǻꡣܴđԼĆ},ܾ̈́e˵Ć}ڰl(f)ԼĿ,ɫ@áǻ֮ǡQ̖
(һ)hִI
1.Jx~:ҕx
(1)ʾW(xu)Jyx~:
Ұ?ڵ??g?P??
P?p?܉?ż??
(2)x,ͬx,ָx,̎
c{(dio):
עxƽ¡,Nѡ,P
١ǂ,xji,M~顰ż١;߀һxǡji,M~顰١
(3)չʾx:_܇x,ֽMِx
2.Rӛ,_Ҏ(gu)ؕ֡
?????P??????P??(ָ(ni)) (1)Rӛ@Щ?
һ:H+=䡱
q+=ѡ
+=
QһQ:ϼѡꡱQɡ顱ǡ١,ѡ QɡСǡP
iZ:衱iZǡʮe,ΩһϦꡱ
UչM~ :ɽ܉ypۡ
(2)W(xu)A(y)(x)r,ͬԼ֡
Ҫ:һ_ˆ,Ҏ(gu)ˆ,Ќò_߲Ҏ(gu),ҪȦ
(3)eeֈoСML,СMLѱM(ni)ͬW(xu)eeںڰϡ
(4)(j)ڰϵeeֽMW(xu),̎cᘌׂMָ(do):
١䡱:IJ^ҪһЩ,MLһЩ,wסġ塱
ڡġ:½Y(ji)(gu),עⲻҪQ϶һc,߅ƲҪչ
ۡ衱:עgQ,ˌL,ҪһЩ,IJ治ǡ
(5)СY(ji):҂Ժ֕rҪJ^ֵĽY(ji)(gu),עÿһPָеλ,ȡÿһֶ_Ҏ(gu)ώo_Ҏ(gu)ͬW(xu)Cl(f)֮ǡ,ϲ^m(x)JһP(gun)
()xչʾ_
ՄԒ^:~Ҷ,ônxÆ?҂һM@Ԋ,ԊZԵҪ:Լϲgľx_,Jyxĵطپ,xԼĸܡ
1.Լϲgľ,xڽ̎(do)xyxľ
,һȺһȺ//ğo֪ĵط/ͻȻܳ,ھG/g
/Ȼ܉/µó///l/P/pہ,/Ҳ//,//Լ//һӡ
(1)չʾxɹ,ץסP(gun)I~ZՄ?w)Լĸܡ?/p>
(2)urW(xu)xr,Ƕиxnġ
2.x,ʲô?(:ԊZԺ,ÿɐ!)
()ǻ
1.ͬW(xu),ͨ^ϵČW(xu)(x),҂Hx~,߀ܰnx_,߀֪nĵҪ(ni),˲!A(y)(x)r,߀вĆ}?ՈСM(ni)ԼĆ},ӑՓQЃrֵĆ},̈́e˵Ć}ڰl(f)ԼĿ,e˵Ɇ,ЙC@áǻꡱķQ̖
2.M(ni)A(y)(x)ӛµĆ}̎Ѳָ(do)˽,eP(gun)עW(xu)yc
3.(ni)
ЃrֵĆ},̎Ҫ(j)W(xu)J,еĮýQ,еķŵԺnrЌW(xu)(x)
(1)ĵW(xu)Уʲôӵ?
(2)ċl?
(3)ώl?
O(sh)ӋD:
JP(gun)Α,ǰѿęzA(y)(x)׃һNȤĻ,ЌW(xu),wF(xin)Ԣژľ
Y(ji),ի@
1.W(xu)ի@
:ͨ^@(ji)nČW(xu)(x),Щµի@?õˎw?һ,һlǡJP(gun)С֡?
2.Y(ji):ZČW(xu)(x)Fڌ`,ֻЌȥxȥȥ˼,ܫ@֪nՈͬW(xu)^m(x)xn,Լ̵ĵط¸,ժeԼϲg~䡣
O(sh)ӋD:
ץסW(xu)@gΐۺΑ,ڱF(xin)Լc,ͨ^ِuxl(f)W(xu)ČW(xu)(x)dȤ
ڶnr
nrĿˡ
1.nă(ni),wnĸͯͯȤZԺSā,B(yng)W(xu)|(zh)_
2.nĵZ⾳,B(yng)W(xu)B(yng)|(zh)ɵČW(xu)(x)(x)T
̌W(xu)^̡
һʾDƬ,Ȥ(do)롣
ͬW(xu),ώoゃһЩĈDƬ,뿴?
һMĻDƬ,ゃX@Щô?(Ư)ώV,@ЩƯĻゃһ,Լċ,ԼČW(xu)Уゃ벻ȥČW(xu)У?()@(ji)n҂^m(x)W(xu)(x)ČW(xu)
(:2ČW(xu)У)
O(sh)ӋD:
ʾĻDƬ,Ȼ(do)nČW(xu)(x),l(f)W(xu)ČW(xu)(x)dȤ
Ĭxn,x|(zh)
1.ͬW(xu)Ĭxn,ゃʲô}?
2.R
W(xu)ЃrֵĆ}:
(1)ĵW(xu)Уʲôӵ?
(2)ċl?
(3)ώl?
(do):@Щ}҂ČW(xu)(x)Qゃ֪?̩ꠖČW(xu)r,,Լͯĸ|(zh)ZWҫĿ옷,MͯͯȤF(xin)҂MČW(xu)У,ȥ@Щ˼
cͻ,x
1.ָxn,nЩȻnj茑ܚg?(26Ȼ)
2.ָx12Ȼ
(1)߅ ߅:֪ʲô?
µµĕrl(f)ӵ?(Wrr)@ӵ~ZǔM~
Ė|L(fng)^Ұ,дڵѡ,l܌W(xu)һW(xu)@N?(ָ(do)W(xu)иx12ȻΡ)
(2),һȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳ,ھGg
(:ܳ g)
2ȻֻһԒ,@Ԓ\ʲôoַ?(M)ܳgͻʲô?(ϲ͟oПo)(:ϲ?)
(3)µ,Ц,ʲô,fʲô?ʲôӵ赸?(do)W(xu)fһf@nđ(yng)ԓʲôӵZx?(栀)
3.ָx34Ȼ,ĄW(xu)vһvώPվĹ¡һ,lώ?ώʲôҪPվ?ČW(xu)Уʲôӵġ(do)W(xu)Q_ʼĆ},W(xu)Դđ,ԼZԁM
4.ָx56Ȼ
(1)һ,żˡϲg@ӵı_?
ӌһ:
۷һ,
(2)֦л|,G~ڿL(fng),
߅ ߅:֪ʲô?rd,늰,ӂ_˳,һ,ɫѵʲô?Sɫѵʲô?ɫѵʲô?⡰_˼,@ӵ~Zfׂ?(e۔M~)
(3)һ뻨rʲô?fʲô?ʲôӵı?(do)W(xu)w,
(4)ҿһrʲô?rʲô?ͨ^@ӵČ,ʲô?,䌍@ҲwF(xin)˻һNBľ,h(hun)Խ,ԽǛ_,y(zhn),Q^ܰf?
5.ָx78Ȼ,߀ʲô}?һ,fһf:
ļ?()ʲôӵ?ĄW(xu)đfԼ뷨ָ(do)W(xu)x
]пҊӵؼҪǃȥ?㲻֪?yu)ʲôǘӼææ?
@Ԓ(yng)xȵؼҵZ
(:ææ)
6.ָxһȻ,֪ʲô?뻨ċl?W(xu)ӑՓ,R,SW(xu)RͽQ˄_ʼĆ}ċl,һԒ
O(sh)ӋD:
ץסP(gun)I~n,_ij,anĵĿհ,õnă(ni)
ġչ,e
1.һ,ڻČW(xu)У߀l(f)ЩȤ?fһf,һl,
2.pxn,ٴwnă(yu)⾳
3.СY(ji):ͨ^@(ji)nČW(xu)(x),ʲôի@?ϣゃҲͯȥ,ゃͯͯȤZӛ@
O(sh)ӋD:
СP,Ӗ(xn)W(xu)ĕ_,ԼW(xu)(lin)
˽ⱾnČW(xu)(x):
1.иxn,nL龰
2.еc~Z,wnĸͯͯȤZԺSā
O(sh)Ӌ
ČW(xu)̰8
̌W(xu)Ŀˣ
1J4֣13ն֡١
2иxnbһ(ji)
3x(ni)ݵĻA(ch)ԊLĮwԊ⾳
̌W(xu)yc
1иxnģԊă(ni)
2ԊLĮwԊ⾳
̌W(xu)ʂ䣺
~Ƭn
̌W(xu)^̣
һnr
һ(lin)֪Ȥ
1ffԼČW(xu)Уʲôӵġ
2ゃ֪҂ЌW(xu)УBҲЌW(xu)У҂һW(xu)(x)ӡԊ̩ꠖġČW(xu)n}Rxn}
3̩ꠖ
e{ء̩ꠖ1861-1941꣩ӡԊČW(xu)Ӽ܌W(xu)ҺӡxС̴wBɳĂˡͥc硷@¼ԊƪΣC
186157e{ء̩ꠖӡȼӠһеFͥ13q܄(chung)LԊힸwԊ1878기ӢW(xu)1880؇TČW(xu)18841911ؕ20(chung)kHW(xu)1913ԡ̴ɞһλ@ZؐČW(xu)ā1941ꌑVӢֳy(tng)κ،@êŵzԡΣC
zW(xu)ԌW(xu)~r
1x
ĵPp
2Rӛ֡
Aƫӛ֣ɣѡࣺ
BQƫӛ֣P
3xxֽMɵ~Z
4~Z˼
ɡ
ԭҰVƽ̹ĵط
gvĚg
ææЄӼӿ졣
xnģ˽nĵă(ni)
1W(xu)xnģx˳Ȼε̖
2ՈͬW(xu)_xnעxnķֳĂ˼ÿһvʲô(ni)ݣ̎Cָ(do)
3ffÿһֵă(ni)
һ֣1-2꽵rھGݵg衣
ڶ֣3-5rP(gun)TnĻ䂃ż
֣6-7ӂдɫѣ_˳
IJ֣8-10ӂææsؼʋPp
ġxnԼpľ
1 ̎x
2̎I(lng)xW(xu)Rxnġ
3xn߅x߅Լpľ
4ͬfһf@Щ
5̎nʾѾ䡣
6ͬW(xu)fԼĸҹͬp
ڶnr
һ(f)(x)
1_܇xnģ߅ ߅˼ÿһvʲô
2ָW(xu)úԒÿһֵă(ni)
xи̽
1W(xu)(x)һ֣1-2
Aώx
BR@һ(ji)Ѓ(yu)~䣬fϲgԭ
C(f)bĦƷζZԵľ
1Ė|L(fng)^ԭҰдڵ
wһ~Z˖|L(fng)c
ڏġ^ڵѡ@ɂ~Zʲô
@Ԓԓ
x@Ԓ뵽һ
2һȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳھGݵg
wʲôǡһȺһȺĻǡһһĻأ
J黨ʲôطܳ̎(do)l(f)
ġһȺһȺĻğo֪ĵطͻȻܳ@Ԓиʲô
ܡgʲô˼ھGݵ龰
Dָ(do)W(xu)иxb
2W(xu)(x)ڶ֣3-5
AW(xu)Rx
Bxи̽
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ČW(xu)У̰13
ČW(xu)һ׃(yu)ͯȤԊ裬ÔM˵oַչ_Sԃͯ۹L˻ӂ{(dio)Ƥ@ԊĹ(ji)ԊZԺL龳{(dio)ӌW(xu)P(gun)wl(f)ČW(xu)(x)dȤʹW(xu)(x)(ni)ݮa(chn)HС
һ̌W(xu)Ч
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ČW(xu)У̰14
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3ÔM˵ַ茑߅
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ČW(xu)̰15
[̌W(xu)Ŀ]
1.JRĵ38иxnIJbnĵһΣաҵ~Z족eۺ~þ2.ͨ^bxnչ_eZԣܻӵĻ{(dio)ƤČW(xu)Уʲôӵģ˲̽ČW(xu)(x)ʽ3.(do)W(xu)ZL龰ܴȻĻе`ͯͯȤ
[̌W(xu)c]
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[̌W(xu)yc]
W(xu)ČW(xu)У˽Ԋ˼
[̌W(xu)ʂ]
̎ʂ䣺P(gun)̩ꠖYW(xu)ʂ䣺ԼA(y)(x)nČW(xu)Уʲô
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nСY(ji)@ƪnă(yu)ͯȤߏĻϮa(chn)S҂ԺҲ\ÔM˵ַ팑ֲŴҲúȤ
I(y)O(sh)Ӌ
ČW(xu)У̰(15ƪ)P(gun)£
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