羅玉南
重點詞語用法
1.march的用法
1)march可用作動詞,表示“行進,前進”。
①They marched in and took over the town.
他們進占了這個鎮(zhèn)子。
②The army has marched thirty miles today.
部隊今天行軍三十英里。
③We are marching on science and technology.
我們正向科學(xué)技術(shù)進軍。
2)march也可用作名詞,意為“行軍,行進”,也指“示威游行。”
①It was a long and difficult march.
這是一次艱難的長途行軍。
②It was a day's march from the city to the camp.
從城市到營地是一天的行程。
③It is a peace march. 這是一次為爭取和平的游行。
3)中國工農(nóng)紅軍的“萬里長征”:The Long March.
2.demand的用法
1)demand表示具體的“要求”或“要求的東西”時,為可數(shù)名詞。
①It is impossible to satisfy all demands.
有求必應(yīng)是不可能的。
②There're so many demands on my time that I have very little leisure. 有許多事要花時間去做,簡直沒有空暇。
2)demand用于表示抽象、籠統(tǒng)的“要求”,是不可數(shù)名詞,但可用a (an)加形容詞來修飾。
①Is there much / a great demand for teachers in this town?
這個鎮(zhèn)子很需要老師嗎?
②Our goods are in great demand. 我們的貨走俏。
3)demand可用作及物動詞。人做主語時,表示“請求,強令,詢問”,物做主語時,作“需要”解。
①The door keeper demanded my business.守門人問我有何事。
②He demanded the waiter. 他招呼服務(wù)員。
③This illness demands a long rest.這種病需要長期休養(yǎng)。
④Does the letter demand an immediate answer?
這信需要立即回復(fù)嗎?
【注意】demand不可帶雙賓語,只可使用of或from.
①I demand a definite answer of him.
我要求他給我一個明確答案。
②He demanded money from the woman.他向那位婦女要錢。
4)demand可用名詞作定語,也可使用that從句作賓語,但從句中須用should加動詞原形形式,should可省略。
①The policeman demands her address.警察要她說出地址。
②He demands that I (should) tell him everything.
他要我把一切都告訴他。
③We demand that the meeting (should)鷅e postponed.
我們要求會議延期召開。
3.dream的用法
dream [dri:m] n. “夢;夢想;心愿”vt. “做夢;夢見”。例如:
①I sometimes have terrible dreams at night.
我有時在夜間做些可怕的夢。
②The little boy has dreams of being a scientist.
那位小男孩夢想當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。
③His dream is to win the first prize in the match.
他的心愿是在這次競賽中獲得一等獎。
④I dreamed a strange dream that night.
那天夜里我做了一個奇怪的夢。
4.forbid的用法
forbid [f+'bid] vt. 禁止;不許;阻止。forbid為不規(guī)則動詞,過去式為forbade,過去分詞為forbidden。例如:
①We should forbid our children to smoke.
我們應(yīng)該禁止孩子吸煙。
②She forbade her daughter to eat too much meat.
她不允許她女兒吃太多的肉。
③Students are forbidden to use the computer without the teacher's special permission.
沒有老師的特別允許,學(xué)生不許使用這臺電腦。
④The terrible weather forbids us to have a picnic.
糟糕的天氣使我們無法去野餐。
5.win,鷅eat和defeat
1)win的意思是“贏”、“獲勝”、“得到成功”,在作為及物動詞時,它的賓語往往是獎品、獎學(xué)金、名譽、財產(chǎn)、戰(zhàn)爭或運動等等。如:
①She had a nature that quickly won her the friendship of her classmates.
她具有一種天性,這使她很快地獲得同學(xué)們的友誼。
②He soon won a reputation for himself.
他很快就為自己贏得了聲譽。
③Mary won the first place in the competition.
瑪麗在競賽中獲得第一名。
④He won three second places in the seven events.
他在七項比賽中得了三個第二名。
2)beat譯成漢語也有“贏”、“取勝”、“戰(zhàn)勝”之意。但跟win的用法不同,這個動詞后面跟的是比賽、競爭中的對手或戰(zhàn)爭中的敵人。如:
①I beat John at chess yesterday.昨天我和約翰下棋并贏了他。
②We beat their team by 5∶4.我們以五比四戰(zhàn)勝他們隊。
③I'll beat you to the top of that hill.
我們比賽看誰先到山頂上,我將贏你。
3)defeat本來用于描述戰(zhàn)爭中打敗敵人,現(xiàn)在可與beat換用,以表示擊敗對手。
①He was badly defeated / beaten in the election.
他在選舉中慘敗。
②Last term our school defeated / beat their school at football.
上學(xué)期在足球賽中我們學(xué)校贏了他們學(xué)校。
6.imagine的用法
imagine [i'm$dNin] vt. 想象;設(shè)想。其后通常跟名詞或代詞、動詞-ing形式、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句等。例如:
①We can't imagine the situation in spaceship.
我們想象不到在飛船里的情況。
②You can imagine their delight at the good news.
你可以想象他們聽了這個好消息有多么高興。
③I can't imagine working with such a foolish man.
我難以想象與那種傻瓜在一起工作的情形。
④Imagine her to be in your place,how would she act?
設(shè)想她處于你的地位,她會怎么辦?
⑤We shouldn't imagine ourselves to be always wrong.
我們不要以為自己總是錯的。
⑥You can't imagine what a beautiful scenery the West Lake is.
你想象不出西湖景色是多么的美。
7.share的用法
1)share作名詞時,意為“分得的一份”、“股份”,是可數(shù)名詞。
①She owns fifty shares in the business.
她在這家企業(yè)中占有五十股。
②They divided the money into equal shares.
他們把錢分成若干等份。
share作“一分責(zé)任/功勞”解釋時是不可數(shù)名詞,但可與a連用,表示具體的一種。如:
③What share did he have in their success?
在他們的成功中他有什么貢獻?
④You must take your share of the blame.
你必須承受你那一份過失。
2)share作為動詞時,解釋為“分給”、“共有”、“分享”。如:
①He would share his last penny with me.即使他只有一分錢,也會分給我用。
②He hated having to share the hotel bedroom with a stranger.
他不喜歡和陌生人同住這個旅館的房間。
③I will share (in) the cost with you.我將與你分?jǐn)傎M用。
④She shares (in) my troubles as well as (in) my joys.她與我苦樂與共。
8.some time,鷖ometime和sometimes的用法區(qū)別
1)some time的意思是“一段時間”。例如:
①It took the old blind man quite some time to find the elephant at all.
就是找到大象還花了那位老盲人相當(dāng)一段時間呢。
②The fire kept burning for some time before it was put down.
大火燒了一些時候才被撲滅。
2)sometime是指“在某個不確定的時間”,常用于將來時態(tài),也可用于一般過去時態(tài)中。例如:
③We are sure to return the book sometime next month.
我們下一個月某個時候肯定還書。
④Our office building was built sometime around 1988.
我們的辦公樓是1988年的某個時候建成的。
3)sometime是頻度副詞,意為“有時”,“不止一次”。例如:
⑤Sometimes he can answer the question correctly and sometimes incorrectly.
他有時能正確地回答問題,有時回答得不正確。
⑥We sometimes go on working until early next morning.
我們有時一直工作到第二天一早。
9.educate的用法
1)educate用作動詞,意為“訓(xùn)練某人的思想性格,教育某人!
①The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively.
公眾應(yīng)受到合理利用能源的教育。
②Parents should educate their children to behave well.
父母應(yīng)當(dāng)教育子女守規(guī)矩。
③Where were you educated? 你在哪兒接受的(學(xué)校)教育?
2)education是其名詞形式,意為“教育”。是個不可數(shù)名詞。
①A child receives its early education at home.
幼兒在家接受早期教育。
②No country can afford to neglect the education of its young people.
任何國家都不能忽視對年輕人的教育。
10.form的用法
1)form可用作名詞,可指“外貌、外形、形式”或“禮貌”。
①We could just manage to see the form of an air-craft taking off in the fog.
飛機在霧中起飛,我們僅僅能看出它的輪廓。
②The plural form of“goose” is“geese".
goose的復(fù)數(shù)形式是geese。
③What is the form? 怎樣才算得體?
2)form作名詞還可表示“(運動員等的)狀態(tài)”。
①The team were on excellent form throughout the whole competition.
這個隊在整個比賽過程中一直處于極好的競技狀態(tài)。
②On present form,鶶pain will win tonight's match.
就西班牙目前的狀態(tài)來看,今晚的比賽能贏。
③They were both in good form at dinner.
晚飯時他們倆精神都挺好。
3)form用作名詞還可指“表格”。
He is filling in the application form.他正在填申請表。
4)form可用作動詞,表示“形成、構(gòu)成”或“組織”。
①The reservoir was formed by flooding the valley.
這個水庫是水淹沒山谷而形成的。
②The Labour Leader was asked to form a new government.
工黨領(lǐng)袖被要求組織新政府。
③His research formed the basis of his new book.
他的研究成果是他這本新書的基穿
5)form作動詞,還意為“排列”、“養(yǎng)成”。
①The teacher formed the children into a line.老師讓學(xué)生排成一行。
②A good character is formed by strict discipline.
好的性格是靠嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律培養(yǎng)起來的。
11.separate與divide
1)divide意為“分開”、“分成”。指把具有統(tǒng)一性的東西分成幾部分,往往含有自然劃分之意,并強調(diào)按比例“劃分”,“分隔”成若干部分。如:
①The fence divides the garden in half.籬笆把花園隔成兩半。
②Our class is divided into four groups.我們班被分成四組。
③The shop assistants divided the apples into different classes.
店員把蘋果按級分類。
④He divides his time between work and play.
他的時間分別用于工作和娛樂。
2)separate意為“使分開”、“使分離”、“分手”。指把原來結(jié)合在一起或混雜的東西分開,被分開的東西沒有任何統(tǒng)一性,有時含有用暴力強行分開之意。
①England is separated from France by the English Channel.
英國和法國被英吉利海峽分開。
②Can you separate oxygen from air?
你能把氧氣從空氣中分離出來嗎?
③We talked until midnight and then separated.
我們談到午夜才分手。
④Separate the good ones from the bad.把好的和壞的分開。
3)separate還可以作形容詞,意為“分開的”、“各別的”如:
①Keep these separate from those.不要把這些和那些混在一起。
②The children sleep in separate beds.
孩子們各自睡在自己床上。
重要詞組短語
1.put … into prison的用法
put … into prison意為“將某人關(guān)進監(jiān)獄”,其被動形式為be put into prison(被關(guān)進監(jiān)獄),be sent to prison(被送進監(jiān)獄),be in prison (在監(jiān)獄里),be thrown into prison(被投入監(jiān)獄)。注意這些詞組中prison前通常都不加冠詞。再如:
①They have been in prison for five years.
他們已經(jīng)坐了五年牢。
②Both the robbers and the thieves should be sent to prison.
搶劫犯和小偷都應(yīng)該被送去坐牢。
③Anyone who breaks the law should be thrown into prison.
任何人只要犯了法,就應(yīng)該被投入監(jiān)獄。
【注意】如果prison前加冠詞,可以指監(jiān)獄的房子,這里prison是可數(shù)名詞。例如:
①They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners.
他們都到監(jiān)獄里去看犯人去了。
②They broke into the prison and set all the political prisoners free.
他們闖入監(jiān)獄,把所有政治犯都釋放了。
2.the rest的用法
the rest意為“余留者;其余”,它既可以指代可數(shù)名詞,也可以指代不可數(shù)名詞 (= what remains; the remains) 。例如:
①They took what they wanted and threw the rest away.
他們把他們想要的拿去了,把其它的丟掉了。
②Some students were studying in the classroom,the rest went to borrow books from the library.
一些同學(xué)在教室里學(xué)習(xí),其他同學(xué)都去到圖書館借書去了。
③She lived the rest of her life in China.
她在中國度過了晚年。
3.join,鷍oin in和take part in
1)加入某黨派、某組織或某社會團體,用join,不可用join in。如:
①He will never forget the day when he joined the Party.
他永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了他入黨的那一天。
②His brother joined the army three years ago.
他哥哥是三年前參軍的。
join還可解釋為“連接”。如:
①The railway joined the two cities.
鐵路把兩個城市連接起來了。
②The two clauses are joined by a conjunction.
兩個分句由一個連詞連接起來。
2)說參加某種活動用join in,如說“與其人一起做某事”,則用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如:
①May I join in the game? 我可以參加這個游戲嗎?
②Come and join us in the discussion. 來和我們一起討論吧!
③We are having supper now.鶺ould you like to join us?
我們正在吃晚飯,你也來和我們一起吃好嗎?
3)take part in參加(群眾性活動、會議等),往往指參加者持積極態(tài)度.起一份作用。如:
①A great number of students took part in May 4 Movement.
大批學(xué)生參加了五四運動。
②We are going to have an English evening. Do you want to take part?
我們準(zhǔn)備舉辦一個英語晚會,你想?yún)⒓訂幔?/p>
③How many of you are going to take part?
你們多少人準(zhǔn)備參加?
④All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.
所有的學(xué)生都積極參加了大掃除。
4.in danger的用法
in danger意為“處境危險”。例如:
①The little girl is not in danger now.
這個小女孩現(xiàn)在已脫離危險了。
②While in danger you may ask the police for help.
處境危險時,可向警察求助。
【注意】比較以下短語:be in great danger處境極其危險;be in no danger 處境不危險;be out of danger脫險(脫離險境);be in danger of處于……危險之中;be in safety(處境)安全;cannot do sth. with safety做某事不可能沒有危險。又如:
③He has been out of danger,鷗hat is to say,鷋e is in no danger or he is in safety.
他已經(jīng)脫離了危險,也就是說,他的處境不危險了.或者說他處于安全之中了。
5.come up的用法
1)come up可指“(植物)長出地面”,“(太陽)升起”。
①The flowers are just beginning to come up.
花剛開始長出地面。
②The seeds I sowed last week haven't come up yet.
我上星期種的種子至今還未發(fā)芽。
③I like to get up early and watch the sun come up.
我喜歡早起看日出。
2)come up表示“過來”。
①He came up to the policeman and asked the way.
他走上前去向警察問路。
②I could hear footsteps coming up behind me.
我聽見身后有腳步聲過來。
3)come up可表示“發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)”。
①I'll let you know if anything comes up.
一有事發(fā)生我就通知你。
②I'm afraid something urgent has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight. 很抱歉,有點兒急事,今晚不能見你了。
4)come up還表示“被提及,被討論”。
①The subject came up in conversation.
這個話題在談話中提到了。
②The question never came up in discussion.
討論中始終未提及這個問題。
5)come up還可表示“(彩票)中獎”。
My number came up and I won £ 100.
我中獎了,贏了100英鎊。
6)come up to sth. 表示“升到(某點),達到(某標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”。
①The water came up to my neck. 水上升到我的頸部。
②His performance didn't really come up to his usual high standard.
他沒有真正表現(xiàn)出平日的高水平。
③Their holiday in France didn't come up to expectations.
他們在法國度假未盡如人意。
常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1.not … but句型
not … but為并列連詞,連接兩個并列成分,意為“不是……而是”。例如:
①He is not a student,鷅ut a teacher.
他不是學(xué)生,而是教師。(并列表語)
②They are not speaking English,鷅ut writing letters.
他們不是在講英語,而是在寫信。(并列謂語)
③Not the student but his parents want to ask for my advice on how to improve spoken English.
不是這個學(xué)生而是學(xué)生家長要求我給提些如何改善英語口語的建議。(并列主語)
【注意】當(dāng)“not … but”連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞必須與靠近的那個主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。又如:
①Not I but a friend of mine has been to Tianjin last summer.
不是我而是我的一個朋友去年夏天去過天津。
②Not a friend of mine but I have been to Tianjin last summer.
不是我的一個朋友而是我去年夏天去過天津。
③Not he but I speak English fluently.
不是他而是我英語講得流利。
④Not I but he speaks English fluently.
不是我而是他英語講得流利。