作者：張寶豐
1. In 1892 the age of mass arrivals began, during which 15 million new people passed through Ellis Island into the USA over a period of 62 years. 1892年開始了一個國外移民大量涌入的年代,在隨后的62年中,有1,500萬新來的人通過埃利斯島進(jìn)入美國。
during which 15 million new people...是 "介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,"介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的定語從句是定語從句中的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn),常見的有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu):
1) 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞
[原題再現(xiàn)]
①American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as
C. about which D. with whom
②The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________the sailing time was 226 days
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
答案:① D ② A
2) 名詞 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞
這種結(jié)構(gòu)�？商鎿Q為"whose + 名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)
[原題再現(xiàn)]
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
答案: B
3) 數(shù)字 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞
[原題再現(xiàn)]
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80﹪________ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of
C. of them D. of that
答案: A
4) 代詞 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞
The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.那位老人有兩個女兒,她們都是大夫。
5) 形容詞比較級或最高級 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞
[原題再現(xiàn)]
There are two buildings, ________stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger
B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that
D. the larger of which
答案: D
2. Now that they could ride horses, it became easier to hunt the bison, a type of cattle which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America. 既然土著人會騎馬了,獵取野牛也就容易了。這種野牛以前是成群結(jié)隊(duì)地生活在美洲平原上的。
這是一個復(fù)合句。Now that是連詞,引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句,主句是由形式主語it引導(dǎo)的句子,真正的主語是不定式短語to hunt the bison,其后的a type of cattle是bison的同位語,cattle后面是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
now that是一個連詞詞組,意思是"既然",相當(dāng)于since,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,在口語中常可省去that,這時(shí)不要把now理解為"現(xiàn)在"。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
________ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After
C. Although D. As soon as
答案: A
3. Kunta had been seized in the forest and then hit on the head with a hard object. 孔塔在森林里被抓住以后,他的頭部就被一個硬的東西打了一下。
本句中hit是過去分詞,這是因?yàn)槭褂昧瞬⒘羞B詞and,其前后應(yīng)是平行結(jié)構(gòu),hit前省略了had been。注意英語中"打人"及其類似的表達(dá)方式與漢語不同。英語中習(xí)慣用"及物動詞 + 賓語(人) +介詞+ the + 表身體部位的名詞"。即:take / catch / hold / lead sb. by the +身體部位;strike / hit / pat / kiss sb. on / in the + 身體部位;(一般說來,打在身體堅(jiān)硬結(jié)實(shí)的部位時(shí)用介詞on;打在身體柔軟的部位時(shí)用介詞in)。例如:
He hit me in the eye. 他打了我的眼睛。
Don't let them lead you by the nose. 不要讓他們牽著你的鼻子走。
I caught him by the arm. 我抓住了他的胳膊。
She kissed the pet on the forehead. 她吻了吻小寵物的前額。
The old granny took the little girl by the hand.老奶奶拉著那小女孩的手。